Download Western Religions

Western Religions
Judaism, Christianity, Islam
Abraham
• Seen as founder of
Judaism, Christianity,
& Islam
• Jews= God’s chosen
people
• Sealed a Covenant w/
God
• Descendants=
Isrealites
• Names for God=
Yahweh, Jehovah,
Elohim, God
Judaism
• Monotheistic= believe in one
god
• Follow prophets: Moses &
Abraham
• Sacred texts: Torah (first 5
books of Bible, Genesis, Exodus,
Leviticus, Numbers,
Deuteronomy)
• 10 Commandments= foundation for
Jewish law God’ Law & basic moral
code for Jews, Christians, & Muslims
Judaism
• 15-16 million followers
• Jewish= religion & ethnic heritage (Israel)
• 3 types:
• Orthodox: Modern, & Chasidic (Ultra Orthodox)
• Reformed: German
• Conservative: 20th century American
Jewish Beliefs
• Torah “Written Law” & Talmud “Verbal
Law”= 613 Commandments & how to
apply God’s law to everyday life:
• Dietary rules= Kosher; clean vs. unclean
animal=(no pork)
• Dress & Appearance
• Prayer & devotion to the one God
• Temple services
• Observance of Holy days
• Bar/Bat Mitvah= full adult w/ religious
spiritual responsibilities
Activity!!!
• Groups will read &
analyze the 10
commandments
• Develop a list of how
each commandment
still influences our
morals, ethics, &
laws today….even
people who are not
Jewish, Christian or
Muslim!
• http://youtu.be/-5AjMYNxYnQ This is the way we Jew it
• http://youtu.be/qUCNAnp2QAI Hannukah Song
Christianity
Warm Up!
Journal Entry/ Discussion Question:
“What does the Eastern concept of
reincarnation offer people that the Western
concept of "heaven" does not? In other words,
why would some people believe in
reincarnation over an afterlife?”
• Write the prompt and a 2 - 3 sentence response
• 5 Mins…..
GO!
Basics of Christianity
• Followed by 1/3 of world population!
• Based on the life, teachings, death and
resurrection of a first century Jew (Jesus),
believed to be the Christ (Messiah, Savior) by his
followers (called “Christians”)
Jesus
• Jewish teacher and reformer
who became the focus of the
new religion of Christianity
• Prophet
• Messiah
• Mortal man
• Son of God
• Healer
• Performed miracles
Historic Crucifixion
http://www.history.com/shows/thebible/videos/the-bible-recap-hour-9
Beliefs
• Christ= born of virgin,
fulfills prophecy
• Jesus= Son of God; fully
God & fully human
• Jesus= savior of humanity
by sacrifice on cross
• Resurrected from the dead
so we may have eternal life
(Heaven)
• Jesus will come again as
Messiah to judge living &
dead “end of days”
What do Christians Believe?
• Original sin: all humanity is
inherently separated from
God by sin
• The sacrifice of Jesus – death
on cross= ultimate sacrifice
for human sin
• Heaven & Hell:
• Eternal life for those who are
saved
• Eternal damnation for those
who are not saved
Christianity
• Sacred text: Bible ( Old testament &
New testament)
• Religion spread by Paul throughout
Roman empire
• Punishable by death
• God in three forms: Holy Trinity
• Father: resides in Heaven
• Son: Jesus, came down from
Heaven, lived & died for us
• Holy Spirit: spirit of God within
everyone who accepts Him
Christians
How do Christians practice
their Faith?
• Sacraments:
•
•
•
•
Baptism
Communion
Confirmation
Confession of sins
• Sabbath: celebrated Sundays
with prayer, scripture readings,
singing hymns, sermon
• Christianity spread quickly because it
was open to anyone, offered a message
of forgiveness, & offered life after death
Judaism & Christianity
Judaism
Christianity
Both
Christianity & Judaism
Christianity
• Jesus= Son of God,
savior of man
• Salvation through
Christ= only way into
Heaven
• No reincarnation
• Heaven or Hell
afterlife
Judaism
• Older than Christianity
• Jesus & apostles=
Jewish
• Believe Jesus was only
good, wise man
• Still awaiting their
messiah
• Not concerned w
salvation & the end of
days
Islam
Islam & Christianity FYI
• Islam= “Peace” ,
“Submission”
• Muslim= “Submitter”
• Abraham’s 2 sons:
• Issac the Hebrews
(Judaism & Christianity)
• Ishmael the Arabs
(Islam)
Beginnings of Islam
• Muhammad= prophet/
founder of Islam (570-632)
• Lived near Mecca, Arabia
• Orphaned @ 6 yrs old
• Mecca became center of
religious pilgrimage for
Islamists
• Tomb next to Muhammad is
empty waiting for prophet,
Jesus to return
• God= Allah
Muslim Beliefs
• One god (Allah)
• Prophets
• Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus,
Muhammad…
• Sacred texts: Qur’an (Koran)
• End times
• Resurrection, Judgment day,
Heaven & Hell
5 Pillars of Islam
1. Witness:
• There is no God but THE God ,
Allah & Muhammad is the
prophet of Allah
2. Prayer 5 times every day
3. Give alms to the poor &
needy
4. Fasting sun up to sun down
during holy month of Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca (at least
once in lifetime of Muslim)
Worship
• Mosque: place for
prayer, worship,
studying Islam
• Women cover head,
separate from men
• Worshippers must face
towards the direction
of Mecca
• No pork, gambling,
intoxication,
fornications