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Muscles of the Foot Muscles of the Foot Images: Draves DJ, Anatomy of the Lower Extremity, Williams & Wilkins, 1986 Text: Draves DJ, Anatomy of the Lower Extremity, Williams & Wilkins, 1986 Logan BM, McMinn’s Colour Atlas of Foot & Ankle Anatomy 4th Ed, Elsevier, 2012 Anatomy.TV Primal’s Atlas of Human Anatomy of the Leg, Ankle and Foot, 2014 Anatomy APP QUT Podiatric Anatomy 2016 Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Extensor Digitorum Brevis Muscle • Origin: – Anterior-lateral dorsal calcaneus, anterior to the sinus tarsi • Insertion: – Dorsal base proximal phalanx of hallux (EHB) & lateral side of 2-4 dorsal digital (extensor) expansions • Action: – Extension of 1-4 toes • Innervation: – Deep fibular (peroneal) L5, S1 Abductor Hallucis Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Abductor Hallucis Muscle • Origin: (1st layer) – Medial process calcaneal tuberosity & adjoining plantar fascia • Insertion: – Medial base proximal phalanx of hallux • Action: – Abduction & plantarflexion of hallux • Innervation: – Medial plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Flexor Digitorum Brevis Muscle • Origin: (1st layer) – Medial process calcaneal tuberosity & adjoining plantar fascia • Insertion: – Plantar shaft of middle phalanx of toes 2-5 – Note: FDB tendon splits for FDL tendon to pass through • Action: – Plantar flexion proximal IPJ toes 2-5 • Innervation: – Medial plantar Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Abductor Digiti Minimi Muscle • Origin: (1st layer) – Medial & lateral process calcaneal tuberosity & adjoining plantar fascia • Insertion: – Lateral base proximal phalanx 5th toe • Action: – Abduct & plantarflex 5th toe at MPJ • Innervation: – Lateral plantar Quadratus Plantae Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Quadratus Plantae Muscle • Origin: (2nd layer) – Medial head medial plantar calcaneus – Lateral head lateral plantar calcaneus – Both anterior to tuberosity – Note: 2 heads separated at origin by long plantar ligament • Insertion: – FDL tendon just proximal to division into 4 tendons • Action: – Straightens line of pull for FDL • Innervation: – Lateral plantar Lumbrical Muscles • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Lumbrical Muscles • Origin: (2nd layer) – 1st lumbrical medial side of FDL tendon to 2nd toe – 2-4 lumbricals medial & lateral sides of FDL tendons to 3-5 toes • Insertion: – Medial side of 2-5 dorsal digital (extensor) expansions • Action: – Plantarflexion 2-5 MPJ and extension 2-5 IPJs • Innervation: – 1st lumbrical medial plantar – 2-4 lumbricals lateral plantar Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Flexor Hallucis Brevis Muscle • Origin: (3rd layer) – Y shaped tendinous origin – Lateral limb plantar cuboid anterior to peroneal groove – Medial limb tendon to metatarsals from tibialis posterior – Note: Y shaped tendon origin becomes single tendon which becomes 2 muscle bellies • Insertion: – Medial & lateral plantar base of proximal phalanx of hallux – Note: Sesamoid bone at each muscle tendon junction, plantar to 1st metatarsal head • Action: – Flexion 1st MPJ • Innervation: – Medial plantar Adductor Hallucis Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Adductor Hallucis Muscle • Origin: (3rd layer) – Oblique head: plantar 2-4 metatarsal bases & fibularis (peroneus) longus tendon sheath – Transverse head: 3-5 MPJ plantar ligaments & deep transverse metatarsal ligaments • Insertion: – Lateral sesamoid & lateral base of proximal phalanx of hallux with FHB • Action: – Oblique & transverse: Adduction of hallux – Oblique: flexion of hallux • Innervation: – Lateral plantar Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Muscle • Origin: (3rd layer) – Plantar base 5th metatarsal & fibularis (peroneus) longus tendon sheath & adjoining plantar fascia • Insertion: – Plantar lateral base of proximal phalanx of 5th toe • Action: – Flexion & abduction of 5th toe at MPJ • Innervation: – Lateral plantar Plantar Interossei Muscles • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Plantar Interossei Muscles • Origin: (4th layer) – Base & medial shaft of 3-5 metatarsals • Insertion: – Medial base proximal phalanx & dorsal digital (extensor) expansion toes 3-5 • Action: – Adduction of toes 3-5 – Note: PAD (plantar abduction) • Innervation: – Lateral plantar Dorsal Interossei Muscles • Origin: • Insertion: • Action: • Innervation: Dorsal Interossei Muscles • Origin: (4th layer) – From the adjacent side of proximal shaft of each inter-metatarsal space – Note: 2 heads to each muscle • Insertion: – Dorsal digital (extensor) expansion of 2-4 toes – 1st DI: medial base of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe – 2-4 DI: lateral base of proximal phalanx of 2-4 toes • Action: – Abduction of toes 2-4 – Note: DAB (dorsal adduction) • Innervation: – Lateral plantar