Download patogen penyebab kerusakan hutan

PATOGEN PENYEBAB
KERUSAKAN HUTAN
JAMUR
•basic structural unit is almost always hypha (a, b)
•reproductive propagule almost always spore (c, usually singlecelled)
•nutrition is heterotrophic and absorptive (they secrete
enzymes that break down organic matter, then absorb soluble
products)
Other important characteristics:
•mostly multicellular
•mostly non-motile
•rigid cell wall usually containing chitin
indeterminate growth
BASIDIOMYCETES
Agaricales
Polyporales
Pucciniomycotina and Ustilagomycotina
Basidia usually septate, spores germinate repetitively or by
budding. In these two subphyla (rusts and smuts), a
basidioma is not formed, karyogamy occurs in a thick-walled
resting spore (teliospore), and meiosis occurs upon
germination of teliospore.
Ascomycetes
Sexual spores (ascospores) form in a sac called an ascus
(usually in eights), and are often discharged forcibly.
Naked
asci
perithecia
Cleistothecia
Apothecia
Pseudothecia
Asexual forms
sporodochia
konidiopho
re
piknidia
Acervuli
The Fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi, also
known as Deuteromycota are fungi which do not fit into
the commonly established taxonomic classifications of fungi
that are based on biological species concepts or morphological
characteristics of sexual structures because their sexual form of
reproduction has never been observed; hence the name
"imperfect fungi." Only their asexual form of reproduction is
known, meaning that this group of fungus produces their
spores asexually.
BAKTERIAL DISEASES
Bacteria are microscopic, unicellular, prokaryotic
organisms. They may be spherical, rod-like, spiral,
mycelial, or pleomorphic.
Virus adalah parasit berukuran mikroskopik yang
menginfeksi sel organisme biologis. Virus hanya dapat
bereproduksi di dalam material hidup dengan menginvasi
dan memanfaatkan sel makhluk hidup karena virus tidak
memiliki perlengkapan selular untuk bereproduksi sendiri.
Dalam sel inang, virus merupakan parasit obligat dan di
luar inangnya menjadi tak berdaya. Biasanya virus
mengandung sejumlah kecil asam nukleat (DNA atau
RNA, tetapi tidak kombinasi keduanya) yang diselubungi
semacam bahan pelindung yang terdiri atas protein, lipid,
glikoprotein, atau kombinasi ketiganya.