* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Genetics, EpigeneticsandPeriodontal Disease
Survey
Document related concepts
Kawasaki disease wikipedia , lookup
Behçet's disease wikipedia , lookup
Neglected tropical diseases wikipedia , lookup
Neuromyelitis optica wikipedia , lookup
Sjögren syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Ankylosing spondylitis wikipedia , lookup
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
Autoimmunity wikipedia , lookup
Multiple sclerosis research wikipedia , lookup
Inflammatory bowel disease wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Globalization and disease wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Genetics, EpigeneticsandPeriodontal Disease Olive Njari and Felicia Hollander Genetics Definition: The study of inheritance and inheritable traits. Two broad groups of genetic diseases, Epigenetics Definition: Environmental factors that chemically change genetic expression during DNA transcription. 1. Simple genetic diseasesAlteration of a single gene locusPro Process: It is through causing monogenic disorders e.g. (de)methylation, and PapillonLefevre Syndrome (de)acetylation or any combination shows severe periodontal disease either express or repress genes manifestations during replication. 2. Complex genetic diseases– alteration of more than one geneThes These processes regulate cytokines loci causing polygenic disorders e. such as IL-1 and IL-6 known to be g periodontitis. responsible for inflammatory tissue destruction as seen in Periodontitis associated genotype chronic periodontitis. (PAG) a composite of IL-1 (cytokine) is a combination of two E Epigenetic Risk Factors: primarily rare alleles at separate Single diet and aging followed by nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) smoking, diabetes, gender, BMI, in the IL-1A and IL-1B gene. race and education determined an Polymorphisms taken from these individual's predisposition for genes were tested and it was immune or inflammatory response. concluded that there was some evidence that they had a These changes are reversible and relationship with generalized environmental in nature which aggressive periodontitis (GAP). may be inherited due to in utero Individuals who have higher levels exposure. of IL-1 have a greater chance of having severe periodontitis than those who have lower levels of IL1. 2016 For the Hygienist: Genetic Salivary Test: Tests for IL-1 as part of routine dental diagnosis. The test would allow for early identification of patients vulnerable to periodontal disease thus allowing frequent recalls. Calculating Epigenetics: Thorough health history and nutritional assessments allow hygienists to identify environmental factors that increase a patients risk to inflammatory diseases. By altering or eliminating these epigenetic factors in turn would change a persons susceptibility to inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. Conclusion: Although there is considerable insight into the hereditary patterns of aggressive periodontitis due to autosomaldominance with reduced penetrance, influential environmental factors should also be taken into consideration when determining the individual’s susceptibility to periodontal disease. References Bauman, R. W. (2014). Microbiology with diseases by taxonomy (4th ed., p. 194). Glenview Pearson Egger, G., Liang, G., Aparicio, A., & Jones, P. A. (2004).Epigenetics in human disease and prospects for epigenetic therapy.Nature, 429(6990), 457-463. Giannobile W. V., (2012), Salivary diagnostics for periodontal diseases The Journal of the American Dental Association, Volume 143, pp. 6S-11S doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2012.0341 Gomez, R. S., Dutra, W. O., & Moreira, P. R. (2009). Epigenetics and periodontal disease: Future perspectives. Inflammation Research, 58(10), 625-629.doi:10.1007/s00011-009-0041-7 Hassell, T., &O`Hehir, T. Genetics & Periodontal Disease.RDH Magazine, 20(1). Retrieved November 2, 2015, from http://www.rdhmag.com/articles/print/volume-20/issue-1/feature/genetics Holliday, R. (2006). Epigenetics: A historical overview. pigenetics, 1(2), 76-80., doi/pdf/10.4161/epi.1.2.2762 Ianni, M., Bruzzesi, G., Pugliese, D., Porcellini, E., Carbone, I., Schiavone, A., &Licastro, F. (2013). Variations in inflammatory genes are associated with periodontitis. Immunity & Ageing: I & A, 10, 39. doi.org/10.1186/17424933-10-39 Kinane, D. F., & Hart, T. C. (2003). Genes and gene polymorphisms associated with periodontal disease. Critical Review Oral Biology Medicine, 14(6), 430-449. doi:10.1177/154411130301400605 Loo, W. T., Jin, L., Cheung, M. N., Wang, M., & Chow, L. W. (2010).Epigenetic change in E-cadherin and COX-2 to predict chronic periodontitis.Journal of Translational Medicine, 8, 110.doi:10.1186/1479-5876-8-110 Nield-Gehrig, J. S., &Willmann, D. E. (2011).Foundations of periodontics for the dental hygienist (3rd ed., pp. 157-169). Philadelphia, PA: WoltersKluwer Health. National Institute of Health, what are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)? (October 26, 2015). In Genetic Home Reference. Retrieved November 1, 2015, from, http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/genomicresearch/snp Offenbacher, S., Barros, S. P., & Beck, J. D. (2008).Rethinking periodontal 79(8S), 1577-1584. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080220 inflammation.Journal of Periodontology, Periodontal Disease (2015, March 10). In Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention.Retrieved November 21, 2015 from http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/periodontal_disease/ Pourabbas, R., Kashefimehr, A., Rahmanpour, N., Babaloo, Z., Kishen, A., Tenenbaum, H. C., & Cheng, Y. S. L. (2005). Position paper: Epidemiology of periodontal diseases. Journal of Periodontology, 76(8), 1406-1419. doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.8.1406 Taba Jr. M.,Scombatti de Souza S. L., Mariguela V. C.,(2012). Periodontal disease: a genetic perspective. Brazilian Oral Research, 26(spe1), 32-38. doi:10.1590/S1806-83242012000700006 Tarannum, F., &Faizuddin, M. (2012).Effect of gene polymorphisms on periodontal diseases.Indian Journal of Human Genetics, 18(1), 9–19. http://doi.org/10.4103/0971-6866.96638 Wilson, A. G. (2008). Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the inflammatory response and relevance to common diseases.Journal of Periodontology, 79(8S), 1514-1519.doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080172 Yehuda, R., &Bierer, L. M. (2009). The relevance of epigenetics to PTSD: Implications for the DSM-V. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(5), 427–434. doi:10.1002/jts.20448