Download Prepared April 7, 2015 for Pete Smith on behalf of Lady Report ID

Prepared April 7, 2015
for Pete Smith
on behalf of Lady
Report ID: 0123456789012
Dr. Ian Petersen
Banfield Pet Hospital #0260
15 Claude Lane, Chico, California 95921
Fax: 123.456.7897
Canine Genetic Analysis™ – What to Expect
We’re excited to provide you this report about our findings of
Lady’s genetic heritage. You might confirm your suspicions or
be surprised. Either way, you’ll get a glimpse into your dog’s
heritage and find information that will help you care for Lady in
insightful ways.
Dr. Petersen also received a detailed report including disease
screening results that may impact Lady’s health, as well as an
individualized Optimum Wellness Plan® map. This is designed
to help provide the best quality of life working with Lady
through Banfield Pet Hospital’s unique preventive care model.
This report includes:
Lady’s Geneology
Breed Characteristics
MDR1 Screening Results
Genetic Heritage
Optimum Wellness Plan: What’s Next?
Certification of Genetic Ancestry
Genealogy
Lady’s Ancestry
Lady is a Labrador Retriever, Miniature Poodle, Cocker Spaniel Mix!
The Canine Genetic Analysis™ performs approximately seven million calculations using 11
models to predict the most likely combination of pure breeds and mixed breeds in the last three
ancestral generations. This chart presents the best statistical result of the analysis:
Labrador
Retriever
(US Show)
Labrador
Retriever
(US Show)
Labrador
Retriever
(US Show)
Labrador
Retriever
Labrador
Retriever
(US Show)
Miniature
Poodle
Labrador
Retriever
Miniature
Poodle
Cocker
Spaniel*
Miniature
Poodle
Mixed
Breed
Cocker
Spaniel Mix
Lady
Labrador
Retriever
Miniature Poodle /
Cocker Spaniel Mix
*Breed detected, however at a lower confidence. Such results are not included in accuracy calculations.
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Genealogy
A Note on Mixed Breeds
A portion of Lady’s ancestry was predicted to be mixed beyond three generations. It is difficult
to identify strong individual breed signals in this mixed portion, so we have listed the genetic
breed groups with the strongest statistical likelihood below. The genetic breed groups are listed
by relative strength with the most likely at the top of the list.
Example Breeds: Basset Hound, Beagle, Treeing Walker
Coonhound, Bloodhound
This group consists of dogs generally characterized by their
smaller size and gentle nature. As their name would imply
they are popular lap dogs and became more and more
popular as the concept of dogs as pets prevailed.
Example Breeds: Bichon Frise, Maltese, Shih Tzu, Pomeranian,
American Eskimo Dog
The Terrier Group ancestors were bred to hunt and kill
vermin. They are often characterized as feisty and energetic
dogs whose sizes range from fairly small to much larger.
Example Breeds: Russell Terrier, Soft-coated Wheaten Terrier,
Standard Schnauzer, Chihuahua, Miniature Pinscher
While this ancient group shares many of the characteristics
of the Hound Group, their origins, as the name would
suggest, are concentrated in Africa and the Middle East
unlike the hound group that has no true geographic center.
Example Breeds: Afghan Hound, Basenji, Saluki, Rhodesian
Ridgeback
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Detection Threshold
The most common ancestral trait of this group is being
used for hunting. Some use acute powers of scent to follow
a trail while others demonstrate the gift of stamina as
they run down a quarry. Beyond these two common traits,
however, generalizations about hounds are hard to come
by as the group is comprised of a very diverse lot of breeds.
Breed Characteristics
Labrador Retriever
Height:
21 - 24 in
Labrador
Retriever
Weight (Show):
55 - 66 lb
Weight (Pet):
49 - 77 lb Ears:
Muzzle:
Tail:
The Labrador Retriever can trace its roots to the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The breed dates back
to at least the seventeenth century when they were known as the “Lesser Newfoundland.” The breed is
believed to have descended from the extinct “St. John’s Water Dog” which was a cross between native
water dogs and the Newfoundland. Labrador Retrievers were initially trained to retrieve fishing nets from
the cold waters of the North Atlantic. Fisherman brought them to England in the nineteenth century where
they were lauded for their swimming, retrieving and hunting skills. The Earl of Malmesbury is believed
to have coined the name Labrador in order to differentiate them from their Newfoundland ancestors.
During the 1800’s, a heavy dog tax in Canada and quarantine laws in Britain drastically cut the number
of Labradors in the U.K., but a good breeding program replenished the stock. Labrador Retrievers were
recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1917.
The DNA detected from this breed is most similar to DNA sampled from American Kennel Club registered
dogs.
The Labrador Retriever comes in solid black, chocolate, and yellow. The yellow varies from a pale cream to
a rich red fox color. Some Labradors also have white chest blazes. The Dudley variant is where the nose is
pink, though this is quite rare. Non-AKC registries sometimes recognize a Silver Variant though this may
be classed as chocolate by the AKC.
Do you recognize any of these Labrador Retriever traits in Lady?
Usually happy-go-lucky, calm, or easygoing
dogs, though some may be energetic.
Usually friendly and are generally good family
dogs.
Labrador Retrievers enjoy dog sports such as
agility, hunting, tracking, rally and competitive
obedience; retrieving and swimming.
Quite food motivated, which may make it easier
to teach the Labrador Retriever to drop retrieved
items not intended for play.
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Breed Characteristics
Miniature Poodle
Height:
10 - 15 in
Miniature
Poodle
Weight (Show):
13 - 26 lb
Weight (Pet):
15 - 28 lb Ears:
Muzzle:
Tail:
The Poodle is a breed with a long history and unknown origins. Poodles have been featured in royal
artwork since the 1500’s and although many think of it as a French breed, it is unlikely. Experts believe
the Poodle may have originated in Central Europe or Russia, although it is also possible that the breed
originated in Spain or Portugal. Another theory claims the Poodle was brought to France by German
soldiers during the 1400’s. It is not disputed however, that the modern traits of the breed were developed
in France. Poodles are believed to be related to the Portuguese Water Dog and the Irish Water Spaniel.
Though many regard Poodles as ornamental lap dogs, they are actually gun dogs with an excellent
reputation for bird hunting and water retrieval. The name Poodle has its roots in an old German word
meaning “to splash about,” which is a reference to their fondness for water. Smaller Poodle breeds were
developed in the 1700’s, much later than the large Standard Poodle. The Poodle was recognized by the
American Kennel Club in 1887 and has become one of the most popular breeds in America.
The Miniature Poodle comes in a wide range of colors including solid blacks, grays, silvers, browns,
apricots, creams and shading variations. Although the AKC standard does not permit particolored dogs,
this is an accepted variant by the UKC. Poodles have been historically clipped to aid performance so may
look quite different unclipped.
Do you recognize any of these Miniature Poodle traits in Lady?
Intelligent, athletic, and playful dogs.
Eager to learn and respond well to reward-based
training using treats or favorite toys.
Miniature Poodles seem to enjoy dog sports
such as agility, retrieving, musical canine
freestyle, rally and competitive obedience.
Some tend to bark and can be reserved around
strangers and may require careful socialization
to prevent or reduce defensive aggressive
tendencies.
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Breed Characteristics
Cocker Spaniel
Height:
14 - 15 in
Weight (Show):
Cocker
Spaniel
22 - 29 lb
Weight (Pet):
19 - 36 lb Ears:
Muzzle:
Tail:
The American Cocker Spaniel was one of the first Cocker Spaniels introduced into the Americas and it is a
breed that has become very popular in the United States. Their ancestors may be traced back to fourteenth
century Spain to a breed known as the “Spanyell.” Legend has it that the ancestor of the Cocker Spaniel,
the English Cocker Spaniel, was on the HMS Mayflower when the boat arrived in the Americas in 1620.
Since that time, Cocker Spaniels have been the constant companion of settlers and have played an
important role in hunting and guarding the family. The Cocker Spaniel is much smaller than its ancestor,
the English Cocker Spaniel. In 1878, the first dogs were recorded in the American Kennel Club Studbook.
The Cocker Spaniel comes in solid with tan points, particolor, with ticking or white markings also possible.
The underlying color varies widely, and may be black, or any color from a pale cream to a deep red,
including roan and silver.
Do you recognize any of these Cocker Spaniel traits in Lady?
Intelligent, playful, happy, and usually friendly
dogs, with some being very energetic.
Seem to enjoy dog sports such as hunting,
tracking, retrieving, agility, rally and competitive
obedience.
Respond well to reward-based training
using treats or favorite toys; can help in
reducing tendencies to retrieve and play with
inappropriate items.
Good family dog but may require careful
socialization with strangers to prevent or reduce
fear-based defensive behaviors.
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How Traits Are Inherited
How Genetics Influence Breed Appearance and Behavior
This report includes common behavioral and physical traits associated with each of the breeds
we’ve detected in your dog’s DNA. But remember, the link between genes and their expression
in specific dogs is complex. It’s likely that your dog exhibits characteristics of each breed in
different ways – some more subtle than others.
An Example of Breed Expression in an Individual Dog
We found three primary breeds in our example dog, Frankie. While overall, Frankie is
one-of-a-kind, certain aspects of Frankie’s behavior and appearance indicate the influence of
each of these breeds.
Shetland Sheepdog
Italian Greyhound
Parson Russell Terrier
Feathering
Black Pigment
The longer hair on the
legs, tail and around the
ears, is due to dominant
modifier genes available
from the Shetland
Sheepdog.
This coloring in the
nose, eye rims, lips and
pads on the feet is due
to one copy of the black
gene variant, available
from all three ancestral
breeds.
Short Hair
White Spotting
This is due to a lack of pigment and is
often found in the extremities (feet,
chest, face, etc.), but can also extend
over more of the body. It can be due to
many genes including those found in
the three ancestral breeds here.
Brindle Coat Color
The black and tan striping in Frankie’s
coat is a dominant trait coming from
one copy of the brindle gene variant.
This is available from the Italian
Greyhound, Parson Russell Terrier and
Shetland Sheepdog.
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This is due to one copy
of the gene variant from
the Italian Greyhound or
the Parson Russell Terrier
that is dominant over the
long coat gene from the
Shetland Sheepdog.
MDR1 Results
MDR1 Screening Results
Condition
Gene
Mode of
Inheritance
Test Results
Multi-Drug Sensitivity
MDR1
Dominant
Mutant/Normal
Please be sure to share these results with your veterinarian at your
first opportunity. They may be critical to the health care of your dog.
Test Results Analysis
MDR1 Mutant/Normal - These dogs have one copy of the MDR1 mutation and one copy of the normal
MDR1 gene. They may pass on the mutant gene to their offspring (50% chance). These dogs require
reduced drug doses for most drugs that are pumped by P-glycoprotein. For treatment of mange or other
drug use questions in MDR1 Mutant/Normal dogs, please have your veterinarian contact Mars Veterinary,
the licensors of this test at 1-888-597-3883 or [email protected]. Based on the results
of this test, the medications your veterinarian prescribes for your dog may change.
About MDR1
MDR1, or Multi-Drug Resistance-1 is a genetic mutation found in many of the herding breeds, some
sighthound breeds and many mixed-breed dogs. The MDR1 gene is responsible for production of
P-glycoprotein, which is a transport pump that plays an important role in limiting drug absorption and
distribution (particularly to the brain), and in enhancing the excretion of many drugs used in dogs.
Some dogs, particularly herding breeds or mixed-breed dogs with herding breed ancestry have a mutation
in the MDR1 gene that makes them defective in their ability to limit the absorption and distribution
of many drugs. These dogs are also slower to eliminate drugs from the body that are transported by
P-glycoprotein. As a result, dogs with the MDR1mutation may have severe adverse reactions to some
common drugs, so it is important to test your dog and share your results with your veterinarian so they can
provide your dog with for the best possible care.
Origins of the Test
The discovery of the mutation of the multi-drug resistant gene (MDR1) and its effects on multi-drug
sensitivity in dogs was made by Washington State University. It is a patent-protected diagnostic test
offered by Washington State University that has been licensed to Mars Veterinary for use in the Banfield®
Canine Genetic Analysis™ tests.
In addition to the MDR1 genetic mutation screen, Lady was also tested for more than 140 other genetic
health conditions. We have reported all the genetic marker findings including these MDR1 results to
your veterinarian. If you have not already consulted with him or her, please be sure to schedule an
appointment to find out more information regarding any potential health conditions and any additional
health screenings that may be recommended. A full list of results can also be found by logging into your
Banfield Client Account on Banfield.com.
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Genetic Heritage
Genetic Heritage
Genetic heritage can affect Lady’s appearance, behavior and health. We have provided some general
information about the breeds detected in Lady in this report. The full medical report, including additional
breed-specific genetic information about Lady, is available from your veterinarian.
You should discuss any health related concerns with your veterinarian. The purpose of the Canine Genetic
Analysis™ is to identify the genetic ancestry of your dog and to provide information to your veterinarian to
help craft a personalized care plan to help you provide the best quality of life for Lady.
How Canine Genetic Analysis™ Works
The DNA extracted from Lady’s cells was examined for over 3000 markers that are used in the test. These
results were evaluated using a program designed to consider all possible pedigree trees from the last
three generations, from a simple pedigree with a single breed (likely a pure bred) to a complex tree with
eight different great-grandparent breeds allowed.
We use information from more than 200 breeds represented in our database to fill these potential
pedigrees. Each of the millions of pedigrees are scored on how well it matches Lady’s data. The pedigree
with the best score is shown on the ancestry chart.
Terms and Conditions
Each dog is unique and its physical and behavioral traits will be the result of multiple factors, including
genetics, training, handling, and environment. Banfield® Pet Hospital’s proprietary Canine Genetic
Analysis™ provides insight into the behavioral traits in breeds that have been identified in your dog, the
predicted genetic adult weight range and breed-related risks of developing certain genetic diseases. A
dog’s weight range can vary significantly depending on age, diet and exercise. Canine Genetic Analysis™
is not intended to diagnose any disease, or predict behavior in any particular dog.
In the unlikely event that it is not possible to determine breed history, predicted adult weight range or
breed-related health risks, or if an error in the analysis occurs, liability by Banfield® Pet Hospital, or
related companies and individuals is disclaimed and damages in any event are limited to the payment
actually received by Banfield for the individual specified analysis at issue.
Canine Genetic Analysis™ is designed and intended to be used solely to identify the genetic history of
your dog’s recent ancestry and no other purpose is intended, authorized or permitted.
Many countries and provinces have breed-specific ordinances and laws that may require special handling
or prohibit the ownership of some dogs with a particular breed in their genetic background. The Canine
Genetic Analysis™ is not intended to be used by regulatory or animal control officials to determine
whether a particular breed is legislated or banned in a particular community. Nor is the Canine Genetic
Analysis™ intended to be used in any judicial proceedings. Rather, it is intended to be used as a tool or
resource in determining a dog’s genetic history. Neither Banfield® Pet Hospital nor any related company is
responsible for compliance or notification regarding these matters.
Banfield® Pet Hospital continues to study the complexities of the canine genome, with the goal of
continuing to add breeds and the ability to detect additional breed-related disease conditions to Canine
Genetic Analysis™ in the future.
If you have any questions about the results, please contact the hospital support team or call
888-K9-PET-TEST (1-888-597-3883).
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Optimum Wellness Plan®: What’s Next?
Optimum Wellness Plan Recommendation for Lady
You and your veterinarian know your pet best. The Canine Genetic Analysis™ is important, but it is only
one indicator your veterinarian will use in recommending the appropriate wellness plan level for next
year. Talk to your veterinarian at your next comprehensive exam to discuss the Canine Genetic Analysis™
recommendation of Active Prevention Plan for next year.
We know that the most common disease in dogs is dental disease. It affects 91% of dogs over the age
of three. Like humans, dental disease has been associated with changes in liver, kidney and cardiac
functions. Based on Lady’s breed and age, we know that your pet would greatly benefit from a dental
cleaning BEFORE these problems develop. Twice-yearly comprehensive physical exams include blood
work. Your Banfield veterinarian will be able to establish baselines for Lady so we can watch for problems
that might appear with age. Talk to your veterinarian for more detail about what is included in the Active
Prevention Plan.
Nutrition
Weight and nutritional counseling are part of the comprehensive physical exam(s) included in every
Optimum Wellness Plan. This will be especially important as Lady matures. Based on test results, we
predict Lady’s ideal weight range to be:
Ideal Weight Range: 45 - 52 lbs
Dental Care
The plan recommended for Lady includes an annual dental cleaning. Professional teeth cleaning prevents
serious infection, tooth loss, pain and may reduce the potential for heart and kidney disease. We always
thoroughly assess your dog’s health before administering anesthesia for any dental procedure.
Vaccinations
Wellness plans protect your pet against a wide variety of diseases and infections with routinely
recommended vaccinations to meet your dog’s individual needs.
Parasite Control
Parasite control options can be added to any Optimum Wellness Plan to make it easy and affordable to
protect your dog from fleas, heartworm and other parasites that can spread harmful diseases.
Behavior
We work closely with you and your pet from the very beginning to help develop behavior training plans.
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Signed:
We hereby certify that
LADY
Miniature Poodle
Cocker Spaniel
Mixed Breed
is genetically composed of the following canine breeds:
Labrador Retriever
Date: April 7, 2015
as determined by a Banfield Pet Hospital Canine Genetic Analysis™
of over 3000 unique DNA markers and a proprietary breed detection
algorithm examining the last three generations of ancestry.
Dr. Cynthia Cole, DVM, PhD, DACVCP
Research & Development Director
Mars Veterinary