Download Dynamite comes in Small Packages – Nano Medicines

Dynamite comes in Small Packages
“Nano Medicines”
Dr Steven Mufamadi, PhD (Wits)
SAAPI Conference 2016
Nanomedicine
What future medical miracles lie ahead?
o The next big thing in medicine will comes
from something really small?
“Nanomedicine is the next disruption in
pharmaceutical industry”
Nanomedicine
What is nanomedicine?
o It is the medical application of
nanotechnology
o
Nanomedicine can be used in
many fields of medicine
- NanoPharmaceutics
[Drug Delivery System]
- Diagnostics
- Vaccine
- Biomaterials
- Biological Device
- Nanorobot
- visualization
Nanomedicine
“Nanotechnology”
What is nanotechnology?
o Manipulation of materials at the
atomic and molecular size level to
produce a novel characteristics.
o Nanoscale = 1-100nm
o The prefix ‘nano’ is derived from
the Greek word for dwarf
Nanotechnology
How small is nano?
“In Nanoworld: Size matters”
Human Hair
~ 500-100,000 nm
Red blood cell
~7 000 nm in diameter
~2 000 nm in height
Nanoparticles are comparable in size
to organelles such as ribosomes
Nanotechnology
How small is nano?
Nanomedicine
“Shape & raw materials”
“In Nanoworld: Shape & raw materials also matters”
Shape
Spheres
Discs
Cylinders
Hollow
Tubes
& Wires
Shape selection
o Interactivity
o Loading capacity
o Transport capabilities
o Properties
Raw materials
[Lipid-based nanoparticles]
o Phospholipids
[ Biocompatibility]
[Safe by FDA, not stable]
Raw materials
[Polymer-based nanoparticles]
o Natural polymers
o Synthetic polymers
o[Gold nanoparticles]
[More stable, but Toxic]
Nanomedicine
“Surface structure”
“In Nanoworld: Surface structure also matters”
Functionalizations-Nanoparticles
o Transport drugs to specific locations
[e.g., Organs, Cells or Tissues]
o Targeting ligand
[Small molecules, peptide, protein]
[Antibodies & carbohydrate]
o Surface charge
[Positive or negative]
o Combination [Lipid vs Polymer]
[Safety & stability]
Nanomedicine
“Drug Delivery System”
The roles Nanomedicine will play in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Improve
oDrug Encapsulation
Efficiency, DEE]
oDrug Delivery
Systems,
DDS]
Improve
o Stability
o Solubility
o Target delivery
o Extending
[Half-life]
Maximizing
oBioavailability
o Biodistributions
Nanomedicine
“Drug Delivery System”
The roles Nanomedicine will play in the Pharmaceutical Industry
o Point of Care Diagnostics o Point of Care Formulation
Monitoring
[Drug distribution]
[Drug resistant ]
Active
Molecule
[Drugs]
[Proof of Concept, PoC]
[Point of Care, PoC ]
Nanomedicine
“Drug Delivery System”
The roles Nanomedicine will play in the Pharmaceutical Industry
o Reformulation of drugs
- Bringing back the “old” drug into new life
- Bringing back high toxic drug into new life
- Improve Bioavailability & toxicity profiles
[Improve patient compliance]
FDA approval of Combination Therapy
o Abraxane plus gemcitabine
[Nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel]
o Metastatic pancreatic cancer treatment
o Patients lived longer, on avarge,1.8 months
longer than those treated with gemcitabine
alone
Nanomedicine
“Drug Delivery System”
The roles Nanomedicine will play in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Programmable Nano-Based Therapeutics [Control release]
o Nanoparticle-Activated to
release therapeutic in response
to a site-specific or due to
stimulus or environmental facts
Nanoparticle properties
[Stimuli‐triggered systems]
Nanomedicine
“Drug Delivery System”
The roles Nanomedicine will play in the Pharmaceutical Industry
o Nanomedicine: Bypass BBB barrier
Blood
Brain
Barrier
[BBB]
Nanomedicine
“Drug Delivery System”
The roles Nanomedicine will play in the Pharmaceutical Industry
o Nanomedicine: Bypass BBB barriers
Blood
Brain
Barrier
[BBB]
1-100nm size
1-100nm size
Nanomedicine
“Drug Delivery System”
The roles Nanomedicine will play in the Pharmaceutical Industry
o Nanomedicine: Bypass skin barriers
Stable
High drug distribution
High bioavailability
[Nanoparticle-Skin layer ]
Nanomedicine
“Disease/Disorder”
Nanomedicine in diseases/disorders
o Human Immunodeficiency Virus
o
o
o
o
(HIV)
Tuberculosis (TB)
Malaria
Cancer
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Nanomedicine
“HIV/AIDS”
Nanomedicine in HIV
Inexpensive diagnostic devices
o Early HIV detection
[Window period and/or Latent stage]
o Rapid diagnostics [30-60min]
o Drug delivery: Macrophages & CD4 cells
o Triple-drug combination
Lipid nanoparticles containing lopinavir (LPV)
ritonavir (RTV), and tenofovir (PMPA)
Nanomedicine
“Tuberculosis (TB)”
Nanomedicine in TB
o Inexpensive TB diagnostic devices
o Inexpensive drug monitoring
or drug resistance devices
o Slow drug release
-TB drugs incorporated into nanoparticles
- Bypass daily dosage into every 7-10 days
[Increase patient compliance]
Nanomedicine
“Malaria parasites”
Nanomedicine in Malaria parasites
o Repellent [e.g SI & Silver Nanoparticles]
[Nanoparticles in paint, mosquito nets,
clothes e.g School & military uniform]
o Inexpensive Malaria diagnostic devices
o Reformulating antimalarials towards a
single dose cure and/or maximizing
bioavailability [e.g. Quinine]
Nanomedicine
“Neurodegenerative disease”
Nanomedicine in Neurodegenerative diseases
 Parkinson & Alzheimer's diseases
o Getting drugs to crossing the BBB
[e.g Galantamine & Levodopa]
o Target delivery
[Specific brain cells]
o Implantable: Nanodevice
[Nanoscaffold]
o Prolonged drug release
[Chronic conditions]
Nanomedicine
“Cancer”
Nanomedicine in cancer
Theragnostics
[Therapeutic and Diagnostic agents]
o Real-time bio‐distribution
o Real-time target accumulation
Nanomedicine
“Therapeutics area”
Nanomedicine global sales by Therapeutic area
Nanomedicine
Big Pharma in Nanomedicine?
Pfizer signed a deal with BIND Therapeutics Inc (BIND)
. Accurins [Polymeric nanoparticles]
o
o Highly selective targeted and programmable nano-based therapeutics
o Oncology, Inflammatory diseases and cardiovascular disorders
Merck signed a deal with NanoBio Corporation
o Nanoemulsion (NE) adjuvant technology
o Intranasal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza vaccine
Gilead Sciences [AmBisome®]
Novartis [Neoral®]
Abraxis Bioscience [Abraxane®]
Roche [Forovase®]
GSK[Exosurf®]
AstraZeneca [Diprivan®]
FDA‐approved and marketed nanopharmaceutical products
Nanorobots
“Future”
o A nanorobot is a tiny machine designed to perform a
specific task at nanoscale dimensions
o Drug delivery robots
o Correct DNA
or a deficiency
o Cell repair Nanorobots
o Break up blood clots
o Break even kidney stones
Nanorobots
“Future”
Replacing neurons with nanorobots
[Computerization of the brain]
Full-functional nanorobots capable
of self-replicating & synthesizing any
Organic structure
Artificial red blood cell
o Capable to deliver 236 times more
oxygen to the tissues per unit
“Treatment of Anemia”
Nanomedicine
Risks & Toxicology
Health
Environmental
Nanomedicine
Challenges
Dr Richard Smalley
“Quote”
Dr. Richard Smalley once said;
“Human health has always been determined on
nanometer scale; this is where the structure and
properties of the machines of life work in every one of
the cells in every living thing. Therefore, the practical
impact of nanosciences on human health will be huge”
Dr Angela Hullmmann
“Quote”
Dr. Angela Hullmann once said;
“Nanotechnology will have a positive impact on
economic development only if it provides new
solutions and does not create new problems”
Reference
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