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Changes in the global Foundry Industry and its Consequences on the Foundry Machinery Manufacturing Dr. Heinz-Jürgen Büchner September 2014 Agenda 2 1 Economic Environment: Geopolitical Crisis 2 Trends in Customer Industries 3 Oil / Gas / Fracking: Winner and Loser 4 Global Foundry Industry goes East 5 Consequences for the Foundry Machinery Manufacturers 6 Appendix Agenda 3 1 Economic Environment: Geopolitical Crisis 2 Trends in Customer Industries 3 Oil / Gas / Fracking: Winner and Loser 4 Global Foundry Industry goes East 5 Consequences for the Foundry Machinery Manufacturers 6 Appendix Global Economic Growth and Trade Volume: Stabilisation 4 Global Economic Growth and Trade Volume of Goods and Services yoy in % 14 12 IMF-Forecast 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Global Economic Growth Source: IMF Trade Volume of Goods and Services China remains a Key Driver for the Global Economy: High absolute Increase, even by low Growth Rates 5 GDP, real Source: E.I.U. Gross Fixed Investment, real USA: The Manufacturing Industry signals strong Growth and … 6 ISM-Index for the Manufacturing Industry Car-Sales sb. and on a year-on-year basis (SAAR), in mn 65 24 60 22 55 20 18 50 16 45 14 40 12 35 10 30 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Order Inflow Industry, in % compared to previous month 12 8 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 In Detail Since the beginning of the year the mood of large US companies has improved dramatically. Manufacturing ISMIndex climbed from 57.1 to 59.0 points in August. Especially the subcompenent ‘order inflow‘ is on a very high basis. 9 6 3 0 On year-on-year basis 17.5m light verhicles have been sold in -3 August 2014. This level matches more or less monthly sales between 2000 and 2007 (approximately 17m on average). -6 2010 2011 Sources: Bloomberg; IKB 2012 2013 2014 … the US-Economy remains on its Growth Path 7 Indebtedness of Private Households, in US-Dollar bn Current Account, in % of GDP 16,000 0 14,000 -2 12,000 10,000 -4 8,000 6,000 -6 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Receiver of Nutrition Assistance and Employment, in mn 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014P In Detail According to the Fed‘s Beige Book, the US economy is continuing its recovery. The growth rate in all twelve Fed districts is evaluated as moderate or modeste. According to the Beige Book, the situation on the labor market has not changed at all. In certain industries it gets more difficult to attract qualified employees, however. On average more than 200,000 persons were re-employed every month in the past half year Quellen: Bloomberg; Fed; IMF; United States Departement of Agriculture; IKB Euro-Business Cycle shows Signals of Recovery 8 Real GDP Growth; in € bn PMI (Purchasing Managers Index) 65 2,250 60 2,200 55 +3.0% +0.3% +0.8% +1.6% 2,150 50 +1.9% +3.4% 45 -0.4% 2,100 40 -4.3% 2,050 +1.8% 35 30 2007 -0.6% 2,000 2008 2009 Sources: Bloomberg; Eurostat 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Europe: Not all Euro-Zone Members have Problems 9 GDP; 2007 = 100 GDP; 2007 = 100 130 130 120 120 110 110 100 100 90 90 Underperformer 80 Outperformer 80 70 70 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Greece Source: E.I.U. Italy Portugal Spain 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Germany Czech Republic Poland Germany: Strong Order Activity signals positively for the Third Quarter 10 Order Inflow, 2010 = 100 Forecast 2014: GDP and its Components 120 €bn 115 110 2013 2011 2012 2013 2014p 1,572.4 2.3 0.6 0.9 1.0 Governmental Purchase 533.0 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.9 Equipment Spending 170.9 6.2 -2.1 -2.4 3.6 Construction Spending 271.3 8.7 1.6 0.1 3.4 Exports 1,385.5 8.3 3.5 1.8 3.2 Imports 1,211.8 7.3 0.4 3.2 4.0 GDP 2,736.6 3.7 0.6 0.2 1.4 Private Purchase 105 100 95 90 Year-on-year change in %, real (seasonally and calender adjusted) 85 2010 2011 In Total 2012 Domestic Order Inflow 2013 2014 Foreign Order Inflow Real GDP Growth, quarterly in % - based on ifo-Index 1.2 Simulation 0.8 0.4 0.0 -0.4 -0.8 2012Q1 2012Q3 2013Q1 2013Q3 GDP Growth, historically and expected BIP-Wachstum, historisch und erwartet Sources: ifo, German Federal Office of Statistics, IKB 2014Q1 2014Q3 Floor and Oberund Cap Untergrenze In Detail Order inflows increased suprisingsly strong in July (+4.6% mom). Especially non-EU incoming orders added up (+9.6%). Volatile big orders, which is a signal for recovery in the third quarter, increased, too. According to the ifo-Index, GDP will increase in the third quarterly period, but decrease again in the fourth quarter. With the release of a detailed GDP forecast, we adjusted our forecast. Consumption remain the strut, equipment investment add up, but less dynamically as expected. In 2014 the external account does not set any impulses. ECB Policy supports weaker Euro with another Interest Rate Cut 11 ECB‘s Interest Rates and 3M Euribor, in % ECB‘s Total Assets, in € bn 6 3,400 5 3,000 4 2,600 3 2,200 2 1,800 1 1,400 0 -1 2007 2008 2009 Ref. Rate Leitzins 2010 2011 2012 3M Euribor 3-Monats-Euribor 2013 2014 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Deposit Rates Einlagenzins ECB Bank Deposits: Excess Liquidity*, in € bn In Detail ECB has (again) reduced its reference rate to 0.05%. The deposit rate has been lowered by 10bp to -0.2%. These measures increase the pressure on the Euro exchange rate. Fiscal policy needs to contribute to the economic stimulation. Monetary policy is not able to influence the economy positively, because of the unfavorable basis of interest rates and lending. A solution would be an increase in demand. A strong Euro and an expansive fiscal policy could reduce economic risks dramatically 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 1,000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Sources: Bloomberg, ECB, IKB * Note: deposit facility plus check account minus minimum reserve 2013 2014 Euro: Depreciation tendency 12 US-$ / EUR Exchange Rate In Detail ECB has reduced its reference rate by 10bp to 0.05% on 04.09.2014 1.6 1.55 Additionally ECB announced, that it will purchase a broad portfolio of ABS. This measure shall encourage lending and the ultimatively support the real economy. 1.5 In consequence of this, we forecast a depreciation of the Euro of 1.25 US-$ in the following six months 1.45 1.4 Parts of the German economy (e.g. engineering, automotive industry etc.) will experience enhanced sales opportunities 1.35 On the other hand, metals and other commodities, which are traded in US-$, will be more expensive 1.3 1.25 1.2 2007 2008 2009 Source: German Central Bank 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Agenda 13 1 Economic Environment: Geopolitical Crisis 2 Trends in Customer Industries 3 Oil / Gas / Fracking: Winner and Loser 4 Global Foundry Industry goes East 5 Consequences for the Foundry Machinery Manufacturers 6 Appendix Light Vehicles: China is the Winner, but Japan and South Korea decline 14 Global Light Vehicle Production; (in mn) Europe North America 16.2 19.5 18.2 18.0 22.7 23.4 Greater China 21.3 29.2 Korea/Japan 13.5 11.8 11.7 31.5 Middle East/Africa 1.5 South America 4.5 2013 2018 2021 Source: IHS 5.2 2.3 South Asia 2.6 8.2 11.1 12.9 5.6 • Germany gains market share in the European recovery process with a stronger growth in some Eastern European countries • The North American growth is driven by Mexico and the investments of foreign OEM‘s • Production shifts from Korea and Japan to China EU: New Car Registration from January to June 2014 15 New Car Registration by OEM Recovery in 2014 Change yoy in % Renault Group Nissan Toyota Group VW Group Ford PSA Group Fiat Group BMW Group Daimler Hyundai/Kia GM Group Europe Ø -5 0 5 10 15 20 Change yoy in % France Japan Germany * USA ** Italy Korea 2 Source: ACEA 4 6 8 * = VW-Group, Daimler; BMW-Group 10 12 The growth rate of most German OEM was below the European average during the first half of 2014. But these companies grew even in 2013 The leading German premium car producers, e.g. Daimler, BMW and Audi will show a new all-time high by the end of the current year But some problems of the American and Italian manufacturers are still unsolved 25 New Car Registration by Manufacturers Headquarter 0 After the strong decline mainly of the French, Italian and North American OEM during the last two years, these car manufacturers have recovered in 2014 14 ** = GM and Ford; without Chrysler Environmental Regulation drives the Demand for Trucks 16 Global Medium/Heavy Vehicle Production; (000s) Europe North America 477 641 575 Greater China 906 725 575 Korea/Japan 1,215 1,206 Middle East/Africa 3 4 1,239 434 496 South Asia 4 422 643 833 South America 266 2013 2016 2020 Source: IHS 293 317 • Regulations of the EU as well as the USA aim to a reduced fuel consumption and lower emissions • This will induce investments to modernize the truck fleet as well as other commercial vehicles 531 Mechanical Engineering: Recovery in Europe, strong Growth in Asia 17 Global Turnover of Mechanical Engineering; (€ bn) Europe 692 702 722 North America 352 369 China 395 766 835 860 Other Asia 349 South America 48 2013 2014 2016 48 439 464 RoW 50 18 20 21 • Globally we forecast a strong growth in demand for mechanical engineering products • In 2016, the Chinese turnover will equal the combined North American revenues with the Asian turnover outside of China • Within Europe, Germany and Italy gain market shares in relation to other Western European suppliers Sources: VDMA; IKB estimation Construction Sector: Improvement in the US, China still strong 18 Global Construction & Engineering Industry; in US-$ bn In Detail The US American construction market will see a rising 5,000 4,000 number of housing starts, which induces a higher demand for steel and other construction raw materials 3,000 But even in the current year new housing starts will be below their all-time high 2,000 Until today around half of the Chinese population has lived in 1,000 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2015 2017 rural areas. During the next ten years we forecast a higher population shift into the urban regions. This will induce a higher demand for housing in the bigger cities The currently existing overcapacities in the housing sector in Share of Urban Inhabitants; in % 100 80 60 40 20 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 China Japan Korea Germany UK Sources: ifo; MARKETLINE; Worldbank some of the Chinese boom towns will be reduced during the next five years. But even in this case a short temporary real estate bubble in China is possible Construction Sector EU: Start of the Recovery 19 Total Construction Output; Volume mill. € In Detail Between 2013 and 2016 the European construction sector will recover The Eastern European EU members will show a stronger growth in relation to the Western European countries In the Eastern part of the EU the strong development of the Polish economy results in higher construction expenditures mainly driven by residential buildings. In addition Slovakia shows a stronger construction sector, too Within Western Europe the Spanish construction industry is reaching ground after years of high slumps Total Construction Output; Volume mill. € While Italy and France develop sideward; the German residential building market in the bigger cities is characterized by a higher demand and rising prices after years of insufficient investments Sources: Euroconstruct; IKB * excl. France, Germany, Italy and Spain Agenda 20 1 Economic Environment: Geopolitical Crisis 2 Trends in Customer Industries 3 Oil / Gas / Fracking: Winner and Loser 4 Global Foundry Industry goes East 5 Consequences for the Foundry Machinery Manufacturers 6 Appendix Natural Gas: OPEC holds only half of the Reserves 21 Proved Reserves of Natural Gas; in % In Detail The OPEC is not as dominant in the natural gas market as in the crude oil market, but 51 per cent of total proven natural gas reserves are located in the OPEC countries The countries of the former Soviet Union are the second important player with a global market share of around 29 per cent North America holds a market share below 5 per cent, while only 8.2 per cent of the natural gas reserves were found in the Asian Pacific region (with Australia, China and Indonesia as dominant players) Other 17,6% Iran 18,0% USA 4,5% Qatar 13,4% Other FSU 11,4% Saudi Arabia 4,4% Russian Federation 17,6% Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy United Arab Emirates Venezuela 3,3% 3,0% Other OPEC 8,9% Natural Gas: High Dependency on Russia 22 Germany; in % In Detail Other 4% Germany is mainly dependent on Russian and Norwegian natural gas imports. The country is unable to substitute the Russian imports very quickly The high importance of the Netherlands may be due to the transition function of the Dutch harbours For the European Union, Russia is the dominant supplier of natural gas But during the last decade, the supply of Norway showed a rising importance. In the medium-term Norway will even be a relevant player in the Central European market after the discovery of new reserves Algeria supplies the EU 27 not only via three pipelines (two to Spain and one to Italy) but also in addition with LNG Netherlands 23% Russia 38% Norway 35% EU-27; in % Sources: BAFA; Eurostat Fracking: Is North America the new OPEC? 23 Global Shale Gas Production; in Bcf/d US Natural Gas Net Exports; in Bcf/d 15 120 100 10 80 60 5 40 0 20 0 -5 1990 2005 2020 2035 Shale Gas Supply by Region; in Bcf/d 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 In Detail The global shale gas production will grow with a constant rate 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 during the next two decades Around three quarters of the total production will be exploited in North America. On the other hand the extraction of natural gas via fracking will be of minor importance in Western Europe Between 2015 and 2020 the United States will become a net exporter of natural gas 1995 2005 2015 2025 2035 North America Source: BP Energy Outlook 2035 1995 2005 2015 2025 2035 Europe From 2035 on we forecast lower US net exports Gas: High Upstream Investments 24 Total Gas Investments In Detail Between 2014 and 2035 the IEA (International Energy Agency) estimates, that the necessary upstream investments in the gas sector should exceed 6 trillion US-$ While around three quarters are required for investments in conventional gas, the shale gas investments equal 14 % of total investments Within the investments in unconventional gas of more than 1.5 trillion US-$, North America accounts for around 60 % of this amount Investments in coal bed methane are well underway in Australia, potential is seen in India and China 14% 7% 5% Total: $6.1 trillion 74% Conventional gas Coalbed methane Tight gas Shale Gas Sources: iea World energy investment outlook Oil: Conventional Oil still dominating 25 Total Oil Investments In Detail Between 2014 and 2035 the cumulated global upstream oil investments are estimated at 11.3 trillion US-$ by the IEA Around 72 % of the total investment amount will go into conventional oil, followed by light tight oil investment with another 14 % Around three quarters of the investments in nonconventional oil will be done by North America In Venezuela the investments in extra-heavy oil substitutes will partly compensate their declining conventional oil reserves Some investments in light tight oil is forecasted for Russia, China and Argentina 3% 14% 9% Total: $11.3 trillion 2% 72% Conventional crude Enhanced oil recovery Extra-heavy oil & bitumen Light tight oil Other unconventional Sources: iea World energy investment outlook Fracking: Positive Impact on Economic Growth 26 The economic impact of lower gas and electricity prices Decrease in production costs of manufacturing industry Lower gas and electricity prices Increase in demand for gas in the power generation sector Increase in real disposable income Increase in employment Multiplier effect Increase in real consumption Increase in competitiveness Source: Cambridge Econometrics Increase in GDP Improvement on trade balance Agenda 27 1 Economic Environment: Geopolitical Crisis 2 Trends in Customer Industries 3 Oil / Gas / Fracking: Winner and Loser 4 Global Foundry Industry goes East 5 Consequences for the Foundry Machinery Manufacturers 6 Appendix Consequences for the Global Foundry Industry 28 Impulses for Higher Demand Improvement in Margins? During the next decade we expect a rising demand But we are not sure, that the profitability in the from the automotive industry as well as from the commercial vehicles industry for founding products Drivers for growth are the rising wealth in the emerging markets in the car industry, while the demand for commercial vehicles is driven by stronger regulation for energy efficiency and emissions The mechanical engineering sector will show strong growth in the chemical industry, machines for food and beverages, for packaging as well as for power generation components The European construction industry will show a slight recovery, mainly driven by residential construction. In the emerging markets we expect a positive economic development. The demand for foundry products will shift to the East European foundry industry will improve tremendously in the short run The main reasons are the existing overcapacities (especially in Southern Europe) and the price pressure coming from Chinese competitors For the automotive suppliers, we forecast a stabilization of the profitability; certain development partners may experience a margin improvement From 2018 on, we forecast a shift for several vehicle parts manufactured today in iron, steel or malleable iron cast to light metal cast Iron, Steel and Malleable Iron Foundries: A Jump in Asia 29 Global Production of Iron, Steel and Malleable Iron Cast; (in million t) Eastern Europe NAFTA 8 7 12 12 12 13 Western Europe 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 China 40 43 35 37 38 10 Rest of Asia 15 16 16 16 16 Africa South America 3 2018 2015 2013 2012 2010 3 3 3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 3 • Western European production remains constant, Germany gains relative market shares • NAFTA takes advantage of the re-industrialization, due to reduced energy costs; a great share of growth occurs in Mexico • China‘s market share continues to grow, India catches up, Japan and Korea lose parts of their foundry production to these countries Sources: World Census, CAEF, IKB Iron, Steel and Malleable Iron Foundries: Growth in Eastern Europe 30 European Production of Iron, Steel and Malleable Iron Cast; (in million t) Eastern Europe 8.4 Germany Rest 1.3 1.2 3.9 1.2 4.2 1.6 2018 2015 2013 2010 7.9 7.7 Afrika 1.4 1.5 1.5 Spain 1.0 7.9 4.6 1.2 France 1.0 4.4 1.0 Italy 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 • Majority of European Growth occurs in Eastern Europe. Please note, that Eastern Europe includes Turkey • Western European production is recovering modestly; in comparision with competitors Italy and Germany should be able to increase their market shares Sources: World Census, CAEF, IKB Aluminium Foundries: China declassifies its Competitors 31 Global production of Aluminium Cast; (in million t) Eastern Europe NAFTA 2.8 3.0 2.0 2.6 2.7 Western Europe 1.6 1.8 1.0 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.6 China 3.8 4.5 4.7 5.0 5.0 Rest of Asia 2.3 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 Africa South America 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2018 2015 2013 2012 2010 • Germany gains European market shares at the expense to Western European competitors; Convergence of Eastern European is stronger however • NAFTA‘s growth is mainly attributable to foreign OEM‘s investments • Korea and Japan lose market shares to China Sources: World Census, CAEF, IKB Aluminium Foundries in Germany: The Million Ton Threshold is in Sight 32 European Aluminium Casting Production; (in million t) Rest 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.3 Eastern Europe Germany 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.8 1.0 0.4 Afrika France 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Italy Spain 0.1 2018 2015 2013 2010 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.1 • Eastern Europe‘s growth is, among other facts, attributiable to the new production of aluminium rims in Turkey; additionally further capacities were enlarged in Slovakia • After the strong growth in the first half in 2014, Germany aluminium foundries are close to the 1 million ton production threshold Sources: World Census, CAEF, IKB Agenda 33 1 Economic Environment: Geopolitical Crisis 2 Trends in Customer Industries 3 Oil / Gas / Fracking: Winner and Loser 4 Global Foundry Industry goes East 5 Consequences for the Foundry Machinery Manufacturers 6 Appendix Foundry Machinery Exports: Mirroring the Foundry Forecast 34 German Exports of Foundry Machinery; important markets; in €m 33,8 Poland 24,2 France 10,5 12,0 10,7 6,1 Russia 6,9 17,7 16,8 11,5 7,5 8,7 Austria 1,8 USA 9,7 3,8 2,0 5,7 9,6 7,9 Italy 3,3 10,0 11,2 11,3 10,8 5,6 Spain 8,0 3,4 China 5,2 0,4 Mexico 12,8 8,5 25,2 13,0 Iran 8,0 0,3 0,0 16,0 24,0 9,7 7,1 RoW 61,7 60,8 39,9 2013 2012 2011 2010 Source: VDMA • • • 51,0 Lately China gained importance as foundry machinery market. This fact correlates with the expected enlargement of the foundry capacities Russia is more complicated; Project financing is more difficult, due to sanctions NAFTA area is currently in a re-industrialisation process leading to higher foundry production capacities Consequences for the German Foundry Industry 35 Chances / Risks / Trends Globalisation of customer markets Increasing competition Increased logistic demands Trend to one stop shops? Strategies Important customer markets tend to shift to Asia, leading to new foundry capacities Export chances to China? Enlargement of sales cooperation? Increase of exhibition and fair participation China, Taiwan and Korea are becoming more important on global markets Still high investments in R&D Investments in human capital, personnel commitment Lose of market shares as a consequence? Does the technological advantage last? Far located markets increase logistic costs Founding of shared service location sites Service and maintenance get more expensive Who can deal with whom? Hence increasing sales costs Are comprehensive foundry offers by Greenfield Investments useful? Are strategic alliances / cooperations or mergers useful? Does the foundry engineering sector need consolidation? E.g. a financial investor, who promotes the idea of a global acting foundry engineering company The German foundry industry will face great challenges in a changing market environment Keeping the technological advantage is a key element succeding Cooperations or strategic alliances in important foreign markets can help to insist this challenge Agenda 36 1 Economic Environment: Geopolitical Crisis 2 Trends in Customer Industries 3 Oil / Gas / Fracking: Winner and Loser 4 Global Foundry Industry goes East 5 Consequences for the Foundry Machinery Manufacturers 6 Appendix Your Contact 37 Dr. Heinz-Jürgen Büchner Managing Director Industrials & Automotive IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG Eschersheimer Landstraße 121 60322 Frankfurt am Main Phone: +49 69 79599-9602 Fax: +49 69 79599-8602 Mobile: +49 171 2249517 E-Mail: [email protected] IKB – overview 38 At a glance IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG Employees, locations Locations Background: Specialist in Corporate Financing Founded: 1924 Headquarters: Düsseldorf, Germany Shareholders: Lone Star: 91.5%, Free-float: 8.5% Approx. 1,440 employees Locations in Germany: Düsseldorf (HQ), Frankfurt, Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Stuttgart; International Locations: London, Madrid, Milan, Paris Hamburg Berlin Headquarters: Düsseldorf Frankfurt Stuttgart Munich Financial data¹) Know-how Total assets: €24.7 billion CET1 Ratio 10,4% Expertise in Corporate Finance, M&A, Capital Markets, LBO/ Acquisition Finance, Tax and Restructuring Range of Financing and Structured Products, Capital Structure Advisory London Paris Milan 1) Data as of 31 March 2014 Cooperation partnerships ensure IKB’s global coverage 39 Piper Jaffray Handelsbanken Minneapolis, MN Stockholm Leading US middle market investment bank Covering broad range of investment banking services including M&A and capital markets Over 35 offices in the U.S., Europe and Asia M&A solutions for companies in Scandinavia Leading market position and excellent market access Focus on M&A transactions in the industrial sector Structuring and management of M&A processes, project team coordination Falkenburg Corporate Finance, Budapest Founded by former WestLB M&A team for Central Europe and Eastern Europe, now with more than 10 years of experience Profound transaction experience and industry expertise; strong partnerships with the regional industries JM Financial EAC Consulting Mumbai Shanghai Leading house for executing complex and international transactions Long-lasting partnerships with India’s leading companies 2011 "Team of the Year" - Indian investment banks – IFLR India Awards Consulting and M&A advisory firm founded by ex Siemens M&A executives Strong reach into China BTG Pactual Rand Merchant Bank São Paulo Sandton Global presence with clear focus on the emerging markets Offers the entire service portfolio as well as extensive experience in the relevant markets Brazil’s leading M&A-advisor in 2010 – Thomson Reuters, ANBIMA Diversified financial services house: advisory, finance, sales & trading, fund management and research Global coverage with distinct focus on African markets Disclaimer 40 Copyright: September 2014 Published by: IKB Deutsche Industriebank AG, Wilhelm-Bötzkes-Straße 1, 40474 Düsseldorf Public limited company under German law Registered office: Düsseldorf, Germany Registered at the Düsseldorf District Court, Commercial Register no. 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