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Transcript
Wireless Sensor Networks An Introduction to Technologies, Applications, and Architecture Teppo Myllys District Sales Manager, National Instruments Agenda • Definition and Applications • Wireless Sensor Network System Components • Technology Considerations Network Topologies Communication Standards Power Consumption • NI Wireless Sensor Networks • Develop a Wireless Sensor Network Measurement System Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) Defined as a wireless network that consists of spatially distributed devices that use sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions Applications include: • Environmental monitoring • Structural monitoring • Industrial machine monitoring • Power quality and consumption • Building and home automation • Health care • Asset monitoring Structural Health Monitoring of the 2008 Olympic Venues in Beijing Application: LabVIEW and CompactRIO for structural health monitoring (SHM) determine stability, reliability, and livability of mega-structures in China Challenge: Developing reliable SHM system with continuous monitoring, rugged enclosure, GPS synchronization, and remote access Products: LabVIEW and CompactRIO “Using National Instruments hardware and software, we designed, prototyped, and deployed a high-channel count, SHM system with GPS synchronization in less than one-year.” - Chris McDonald, CGM Engineering Monitoring the Structural Health of the Rion-Antirion Bridge Using NI LabVIEW Application: High-channel, mix-sensor monitoring system distributed across 3-km bridge in high-seismic activity Challenge: Reliable, real-time monitoring while subjected to harsh environmental and seismic conditions Products: LabVIEW and PXI Key Benefit: Easy to mix and synchronize different measurements within PXI system; real-time, reliable monitoring systems with LabVIEW Real-Time Wireless Sensor Network Components WSN Measurement Nodes Temperature Dissolved Oxygen Host Controller Radio Battery IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Microcontroller WSN Gateway Analog Circuit Voltage Sensor Interface Network Topologies Star Gateway Router Node End Node Mesh Cluster/Tree Distance Reliability Complexity Latency Wireless Standards Power Consumption, Cost, and Complexity High Low (Battery) Cellular WLAN IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Transmission Distance Long WPAN Bluetooth Medium Short ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 100 k 1M 10 M Data Rate (b/s) 100 M IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee • Popular for WSN devices • IEEE 802.15.4 defines: 868, 915 MHz, and 2.4 GHz radios Up to 250 kb/s Low-power communication • ZigBee adds: Device coordination Network topologies Interoperability with other wireless products Application Layer Application Support Data service and management ZigBee Device Objects Device coordination: gateway, router, or end device Application Framework User Profiles Network Layer Routing, Network Topologies, and Security Medium-Access Control Layer Physical Layer 868 MHz/915 MHz/2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee Power Considerations • Nodes sleep most of the time to conserve power • Must minimize processor and radio power Node Power Consumption Time Microprocessor Trends and Options Power Consumption Example On Sleep Bits Processor Speed TI MSP430 F2419 8 mW 0.2 µW 16 8 MHz 128 KB Freescale QE128 100 mW 1 µW 8/32 50 MHz 128 KB ARM OKI ML674K 145 mw 50 µW 16/32 33 MHz 512 KB PPC Freescale MPC8313 520 mW 300 mW 32 333 MHZ GB External x86 Intel Core 2 Duo T7400 34 W 12 W 64 2.16 GHZ GB External Crossover Embedded Memory Low-Power. Reliable. NI Wireless Sensor Networks NI WSN-9791 Ethernet Gateway • • • 2.4 GHz, ZigBee-based radio Ethernet connectivity to Windows or Real-Time OS host controllers Easy WSN configuration in NI Measurement & Automation Explorer NI WSN-3202 NI WSN-3212 Measurement Nodes • • • • • • • 4-channel, 16-bit, 0 to10 V analog input node 4-channel, 24-bit thermocouple input node Easy access to I/O with NI LabVIEW project integration and drag-and-drop programming Low-power TI MSP430 processor 4 AA battery-powered, up to 2+ year lifetime 2.4 GHz, ZigBee-based radio Screw terminals for sensor interface Develop a WSN Measurement System Database Server LabVIEW for Windows LabVIEW Real-Time IEEE 802.3 Network Backbone Worldwide Web Wireless “Smart” Devices WSN Measurement Nodes WSN Gateway Wireless Sensor Networks Demo For more information, visit ni.com/wsn
