Download C11-10_15 - Notes

Chapters 10 & 15 - China
Chapter 10 – Lessons 1-3 – Page 275 – Early China – 1750 BC to AD 220
Chapter 15 – Lessons 1-3 – Page 405 – Imperial China
1 – China’s Geography
2 - Shang Dynasty
3 – Zhou Dynasty
4 – Chinese Philosophies &
Society
China’s civilization began along the Huang He river, which
means yellow river
• Early farmers depended on the fertile lands around the Huang
He to produce food, but it also caused many floods, which is
why sometimes it is called China’s Sorrow
• Later on, some people migrated to live near the Chang Jiang,
or Yangtze river, which is the 3rd largest river in the world
• The Gobi desert is in China, east of the Kunlun Shan & Tian
Shan mountain ranges
• The rugged mountains and barren desert protected Chinese
civilization and they developed a very unique culture
• In certain mountainous areas, Chinese farmers made terraces
in order to plant rice
• Based on written records, the Shang Dynasty was China’s first
• The king was the most powerful person, serving as both the
political and religious leader
• Kings had warlords who led their own armies
• Another class of citizens were the aristocrats, they belonged to
rich, powerful families
• Chinese worshipped many gods as well as their ancestors
• Ancient Chinese wrote in pictographs and ideographs
• Pictographs are characters that represent objects
• Ideographs link 2+ pictographs to express an idea
***Copy characters on page 283
• Farmers raised silk worms to create silk
• Artisans carved objects from bronze, ivory and jade
• China’s longest dynasty – lasted about 800 years
• Chinese turned against Shang’s last ruler, it is said he was very
cruel
• Wu Wang led the rebellion and started a new dynasty, the
Zhou
• Wu Wang assigned aristocrats to government positions,
creating a new class called bureaucrats
• Bureaucrat’s government positions were hereditary
• They believed that their kings had a Mandate from Heaven, or
permission to rule by the gods
• The king must rule the proper way, or Dao, to honor the gods
• Over time, aristocrats wanted more and more power and they
began to fight each other, in a period call Warring States
***Copy chart on page 288
• Dao means “the way”
• All Chinese believed in filial piety, which is people’s
responsibility to respect and honor their parents
• Women has less rights than men
• Trade routes like the silk road helped China become powerful
traders
• They invented a type of paper and were one of the first to
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5 – Qin Dynasty
6 - Han Dynasty
7 – Sui dynasty
8 – Tang Dynasty
9 – Mongol Takeover &
Yuan Dynasty
Chapter 15 – Lesson 3 – Pg
423
create a written currency
• They also came up with ways of printing that were faster and
made books from accessible (read page 418 together –
Invention of Printing)
• Since their language characters were so complicated, they
developed the beautiful art of calligraphy
• Qin defeated the last powerful Zhou rulers and took power
from the Yangtzee to the Yellow Rivers
• He ruled harshly, anyone who disagreed with him was
punished or killed
• Qin’s tomb was so large that I housed an army of life-sized
soldiers and their horses
• Qin ordered the construction of the great wall of china to
protect people from nomads that lived in the Gobi desert
called Xiongu
• The Han Dynasty was founded by Liu Bang, a farmer turned
solider
• The Han dynasty lasted about 400 years
• The first strong emperor of his dynasty was Han Wudi
• Han Wudi established a practice called civil service, where
government workers were picked by their skill instead of their
family relations
• Han supported education, arts and culture, during this period,
China flourished
• Paper was invented in China for the 1st time
• Doctors began the practice of acupuncture
***See diagram on page 297
• As trade expanded under this dynasty, a trade route called the
silk road was created, where China trade things as far west as
Europe and India
• Buddhism reached China through the Silk Road
• Han dynasty ended in AD 220, and warlords took over
separate areas and fought each other for the next 300 years
• In AD 581, Wendi declared himself emperor and made a new
dynasty called the Sui
• Wendi’s son, Yangdi, worked to expand China
• He also built a canal from the Yellow River to the Yangtze,
which allowed for more communication and trade
• Yangdi was killed by farmers because they had to pay too
many taxes for the building projects, and that ended the Sui
dynasty
• Lasted for about 300 years
• Most power tang ruler was Taizong, he gave land to farmers
and brought peace
• Tang rulers worked to restore a strong central government
• By the AD 700s, Turkish nomads took control over the Silk
Road and diminished China’s trade ability
• This marked the end of the Tang dynasty in AD 907
• By AD 1200s, enemies to the North were preparing to invade
china
• They were a nomad group called the Mongols, from an area in
central Asia called Mongolia
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Mongols were excellent horseback riders, they learned to ride
horses at the age of 4
In AD 1206, a Mongol leader rose, by the name of Genghis
Khan
He created an army of more than 100,000 soldiers, who were
skilled horsemen
They became known for their cruel fighting practices and use
of terror
With time, people began to surrender to them without even
fighting
After Genghis Khan died in AD 1227, Mongols continued to
conquer new lands, and they went as far as Europe and
Southwest Asia
Muslim leaders in Egypt defeated the Mongols and stopped
their westward advance in AD 1260
In AD 1260, Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kulai, became the new
ruler
He established the capital of China in Khanbaliq, which is
today known as Beijing
Kublai started the Yuan dynasty, which means beginning
Under Mongol rule, China reached the height of its wealth and
power
Vocabulary Words:
Chapter 10: warlord, aristocrat, ancestor, pictograph, ideograph, bureaucracy, hereditary, Mandate of Heaven, Dao,
Confucianism, Daoism, legalism, filial piety, censor, currency, civil service, tenant farmer, acupuncture
Chapter 15: porcelain, calligraphy, steppe, terror