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International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013) Remote Control of Industrial Machines Using Mobile Phone Poulastya Mukherjee1 Poulastya Mukherjee (B.Tech P-283A, Narkeldanga Main Road, Kolkata-700054) 2 Second Author Affiliation & Address 3 Third Author Affiliation & Address Abstract— In today’s world basic requirement for a factory to run is that it should be completely remote controlled using PLCs and DCS. However PLCs and DCS are very costly and often cannot be afforded by small and medium scale industries but the requirement of remote control is still very much present. This project attempts to fill this very gap. A. Project outline A brief introduction to internal architecture of micro controller. An over view of programming of micro controller. An overview on assembly language. An overview of DTMF decoder MT8870. An overview on interface of switches and relays. Keywords—MT8870, ATMEGA 16, L293D, DTMF, Relay. I. INTRODUCTION B. Interfaces Used In this circuit we use DTMF(dual tone multiple frequency)tones to control the machines. DTMF tones are generated when during a call from one phone to another keys are pressed. Each of these tones have a specific frequency. These frequencies are decoded using a DTMF decoder-MT8870. The output of this circuit is be fed to the microcontroller and processed. The output of the microcontroller is subsequently used to turn on or off devices via relay. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known as ‘Touch-Tone’. DTMF assigns a specific frequency to each key so that it can easily identified by the electronic circuit. The signal generated by the DTMF encoders a direct algebraic summation, in real time, of the amplitudes of the two sinusoids. DTMF decoder interfacing Microcontroller interfacing Motor driver interfacing Keypad interfacing Switches, led and fan interfacing C. Software Used A cross compiler - CVAVR for compiling and linking the code written for ATMEGA 16. Serial communication software for downloading code to ATMEGA 16 II. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION The important components of this project are a DTMF decoder, microcontroller and relay. A CM8870 series DTMF decoder is used here. All types of the CM8870 series use digital counting techniques to detect and decode all the 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code output. The built -in dial tone rejection circuit eliminates the need of pre-filtering. When the input signal are given at pins 1 (IN+) & 2(IN-), a different input configuration is recognized to be effective, the correct 4-bit decode signal of the DTMF tone is transferred to pin 11 through pin 14 outputs. Figure 1:- Basic project outline 648 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013) Figure 2:-Main Circuit Diagram Before the DTMF here we used two zener diode to regulate the input voltage and two capacitor to protect the circuit from unwanted signal. Here in this circuit DTMF pin 17 and pin 16 are shorted together by a diode. The purpose of this diode to increase the output holding time. The pin 11 to pin 14 of DTMF decoder are connected to the pins of one inverter 74LS04 to invert the output and then the output of the inverter connected to the pins of ATMEGA 16 microcontroller( pin37 to pin 40). The output of a microcontroller is approximately 5V which is insufficient to drive a relay. So we have used a motor driver L293D through which we can get a voltage of 12V which can drive a relay. Outputs from pins 14 to pin 21 of the microcontroller are fed to the pins 2 and 10 while 7 and 15 are grounded. The output from pins 3,6,11 and 14 are given as inputs to the relay. Which is subsequently fed to the final output devices. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known by the trademarked term Touch-Tone and is standardized by ITU-T Recommendation Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4. Other multi-frequency systems are used for signaling internal to the telephone network. DTMF signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice-frequency band to the call switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known as TOUCH-TONE. DTMF assigns a specific frequency to each key so that it can easily identified by the electronic circuit. The signal generated by the DTMF encoder is a direct algebraic summation, in real time, of the amplitudes of the two sine / cosine waves.The MT8870 DTMF decoder decodes this DTMF tone into its equivalent binary codes and then sends to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is designed to take decisions for any given input to generate a specific output. Thus the mobile phone acts as a remote control. The table below gives the list of higher and lower group of frequencies, the combination of which gives the respective digits. The decoder converts these decimal digits to 4bit binary output given as D0, D1, D2, D3 where D0 is LSB and D3 is MSB A. Main Technology Used The main technology we have used is DTMF(Dual Tone Multiple Frequency). Dual-tone multi frequency signaling is used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the switching center. 649 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013) TABLE I DTMF DATA OUTPUT Low Group (Hz) 697 697 697 770 770 770 852 852 852 941 941 941 697 770 852 941 High Group (Hz) 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1209 1336 1477 1336 1209 1477 1633 1633 1633 1633 Digit OE D3 D2 D1 D0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 * # A B C D H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H L L L L L L L H H H H H H H H L L L L H H H H L L L L H H H H L L H H L L H H L L H H L L H H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L H L B. Devices Used 2) ATMEGA 16 Microcontroller: The main brain of this project is the ATMEGA 16 microcontroller. It is a very versatile device using RISC architecture. It receives output from the MT8870 chip via the NOT gate. It receives a 4bit input and according to the combination of input bits it gives out a 4bit output. The input comes to pins 37-40 of Port A. The output is from pins 14-17 of Port D. The programming of this device was done by CV AVR software which supports coding in C language. 1) Dtmf Decoder: The M-8870 decoder uses a digital counting technique to determine the frequencies of the limited tones and to verify that they correspond to standard DTMF frequencies. A complex averaging algorithm is used to protect against tone simulation by extraneous signals (such as voice) while tolerating small frequency variations. The algorithm ensures an optimum combination of immunity to talk-off and tolerance to interfering signals (third tones) and noise. When the detector recognizes the simultaneous presence of two valid tones. (known as signal condition), it raises the Early Steering flag (ESt). Any subsequent loss of signal condition will cause ESt to fall. Figure 3:- MT 8870 DTMF decoder Figure 4:- ATMEGA 16 microcontroller 650 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013) 3) L293D Motor Driver: As mentioned earlier that microcontroller output is incapable of driving a relay, we have used L293D motor driver to provide a 12V output which can sufficiently drive a relay. We have kept the enable pins high and in the input pair 1 and 2 given input only to input 1 or pin2 and have grounded the input 2 or pin 7, so that it acts as a switch and gives a 12V output only when it receives an input at pin no. 2. III. BASIC WORKING PRINCIPLE When we press any key on the mobile phone a dtmf tone is generated which is transmitted to the DTMF decoder using an earphone. Upon receiving the signal the MT8870 decoder converts it to a 4bit binary number. This number is sent to a NOT gate(a negative logic design has been used in this project) and then it is subsequently sent to the microcontroller. The microcontroller gives out a output based on the input, which acts as a input to the motor driver. The output from the motor driver then turns on the relay and the subsequent output device. IV. FURTHER APPLICATIONS Figure 2:- L293D Motor Driver Long range robotic devices Pump station supervising and irrigation Home automation system Un-manned equipment monitoring REFERENCES The heading of the References section must not be numbered. All reference items must be in 8 pt font. Please use Regular and Italic styles to distinguish different fields as shown in the References section. Number the reference items consecutively in square brackets (e.g. [1]). 4) Relay: The output from the motor driver is given to the relay. When the relay turns on the final elements like heater, cooling fan or other industrial equipments can be turned on or off. [1] P.Raghavendra Prasad and K.Susram Rahul for publication of their project paper on Cell-phone Operated Land-rover (Microcontroller based) on www.efymag.com [2] Table and chip images from documentation of MT8870 DTMF Decoder chip from http://www.wulfden.org/TheShoppe.shtml [3] www.wikipedia.org for papers and review works on related projects [4] Demo project paper published on [email protected] [5] Documentation of AVR development tools by [email protected] Tavel, P. 2007 Modeling and Simulation Design. AK Peters Ltd. [6] ATmega16 datasheet by ATMEL Figure 3:- A relay 651