Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Ethics of Tax Evasion: A Survey of International BusinessAcademics Robert W. McGee Florida International University (FIU) - School of Accounting February 12, 2006 Abstract: In 1944, Martin Crowe, a Catholic priest, wrote a doctoral dissertation titled The Moral Obligation of Paying Just Taxes. His dissertation summarized and analyzed 500 years of theological and philosophical debate on this topic, much of which took place in Latin. Since Crowe's dissertation, not much has been written on the topic of tax evasion from an ethical perspective, with a few exceptions. In 1998 and 1999, a few articles were published on the ethics of tax evasion in the Journal of Accounting,Ethics & Public Policy. An edited book on this topic was published in 1998. The present paper summarizes, updates and expands on Crowe's work. Recent literature is reviewed and the issues discussed in the last 500 years of theological and philosophical debate are incorporated into an 18-statement survey, which was distributed to members of the Academy of International Business (AIB), the International Management Development Association (IMDA) and the International Academy of Business Disciplines (IABD). These three groups were chosen to be the sample population because members of these groups are knowledgeable about international business practices and they come from a wide variety of backgrounds. They are more cosmopolitan in outlook than the average U.S. business school professor. A large percentage of the membership of these groups have lived in more than one country and many of them were born in a country other than the United States, which reduces the U.S. bias that would result if the sample population consisted of a random sample of American business school professors. A fair percentage of the membership of these organizations presently lives outside the United States. Three basic views on the ethics of tax evasion have emerged over the centuries. The statements in the survey instrument incorporate all three views, which give respondents an opportunity to express their opinion regardless of which of the three positions they come closest to. Most statements begin with the phrase Tax evasion is not unethical if . . . , which allows the respondents to either agree or disagree with the statement. Each question is graded on a 7-point Likert scale. The responses to each question were tallied and ranked to determine under which circumstances tax evasion might be considered most or least ethical. resume Etika Pengelakan Pajak: Sebuah Survei BusinessAcademics Internasional Robert W. McGee International University (FIU) - Sekolah Akuntansi 12 Februari 2006 Abstrak: Pada tahun 1944, Martin Crowe, seorang imam Katolik, menulis disertasi doktor berjudul Kewajiban Moral Hanya Membayar Pajak. Disertasinya diringkas dan dianalisis 500 tahun perdebatan teologis dan filosofis tentang topik ini, banyak yang terjadi dalam bahasa Latin.Karena disertasi Crowe, tidak banyak yang telah ditulis pada topik penggelapan pajak dari perspektif etika, dengan beberapa pengecualian. Pada tahun 1998 dan 1999, beberapa artikel diterbitkan pada etika penggelapan pajak dalam Journal of Akuntansi, Etika & Kebijakan Publik.Sebuah buku diedit pada topik ini diterbitkan pada tahun 1998. Ketiga kelompok dipilih menjadi sampel populasi seperti Akademi Bisnis Internasional (AIB), International Manajemen Development Association (IMDA)dan Akademi Internasional Disiplin Bisnis (IABD). karena anggota kelompok ini pengetahuan tentang praktek bisnis internasional dan mereka datang dari berbagai latar belakang. Mereka lebih kosmopolitan dalam pandangan dari profesor sekolah bisnis rata-rata US. Sebagian besar dari keanggotaan kelompok ini tinggal di lebih dari satu negara dan banyak dari mereka yang lahir di negara lain selain Amerika Serikat, yang mengurangi bias AS yang akan terjadi jika populasi sampel terdiri dari sampel acak dari profesor sekolah bisnis amerika. Sebuah persentase yang wajar dari keanggotaan organisasiorganisasi saat ini tinggal di luar Amerika Serikat. Tiga pandangan dasar mengenai etika penggelapan pajak telah muncul selama berabad-abad.Pernyataan dalam instrumen survei menggabungkan semua tiga pandangan, responden yang memberikan kesempatan untuk mengekspresikan pendapat mereka terlepas dari yang mana dari tiga posisi mereka datang. Pernyataan di mulai dengan penggelapan pajak yang tidak etis pada frase jika. . . , Yang memungkinkan responden untuk baik setuju atau tidak setuju dengan pernyataan itu. Setiap pertanyaan dinilai pada skala Likert 7-titik. Tanggapan untuk setiap pertanyaan yang dihitung dan peringkat untuk menentukan di mana situasi penghindaran pajak mungkin dianggap sebagian besar tidak etis Sumber : www.ssrn.com.