Download Diversity of Wisconsin Rosids

Saxifragales
Diversity of Wisconsin
Rosids
Small group of families that include witch hazel,
bishop’s cap, currants, peonies, and jade-plants.
. . . roses, currants, raspberries . . .
Paeonia
Sedum
Saxifragales
Hamamelidaceae - witch hazel family
Small group of families that include witch hazel,
bishop’s cap, currants, peonies, and jade-plants.
They can be generally identified with their
two or more separate or semi-fused carpels.
A medium sized family of trees and shrubs in subtropical and temperate areas but only 1
species in Wisconsin - witch hazel found in rich deciduous woods. A very distinctive shrub
with asymmetrical crenate leaves and late-blooming flowers.
Paeonia
Sedum
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch hazel
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Hamamelidaceae - witch hazel family
Simple, alternate leaves on flattened branches; these leaves usually with palmate
venation or at least pronounced basal veins
Hamamelidaceae - witch hazel family
The flowers are perfect, 4 merous (the
family can be five merous), and insect
pollinated in the fall (images from Sept)
CA 4-5 CO 4-5
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A 4-5 G (2)
Petals are ribbon-like
Witch hazel yields an
astringent and soothing
lotion for cuts and
bruises; water diviners
favor witch hazel for
their dowsers (the
divining rod to find
water underground)
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch hazel
Hamamelidaceae - witch hazel family
CA 4-5 CO 4-5
4 stamens opposite the sepals, but 4 small
staminodia are opposite the petals
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch hazel
Crassulaceae - stonecrop family
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A 4-5 G (2)
Succulent herbs or small
shrubs most common in arid
temperate or warm
temperate regions of the
world.
Ovary is generally inferior or
half-inferior with the tops
somewhat separated
Common as potted plants or
in rock-gardens
The two locules each have one
or more ovules
CAM (crassulacean acid
metabolism) type of
photosynthesis
Fruit woody, dehiscent at top
Hamamelis virginiana
Witch hazel
All Wisconsin species are
introduced, although yellow
sedum is spreading in sandy
soils
Previous year’s fruit
Sedum acre - Gold-moss stonecrop,Yellow sedum
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Crassulaceae - stonecrop family
CA 5 CO 5
Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
The family comprises about 30 genera and nearly
700 species; cosmopolitan in distribution.
Saxifragaceae is now being broken up into unrelated
families.
A 10 G 5
Flowers typically 5 merous
with stamens 2X number of
sepals (3,4, or 6 merous
species occur)
Carpels are essentially
separate and produce follicles
when mature
Nectary scales usually evident
at base of each carpel
Sedum acre - Gold-moss stonecrop,Yellow sedum
Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
The family comprises about 30 genera and nearly
700 species; cosmopolitan in distribution.
Saxifragaceae is now being broken up into unrelated
families.
The family comprises about 30 genera and nearly
700 species; cosmopolitan in distribution.
Saxifragaceae is now being broken up into unrelated
families.
Major distinctive vegetative feature is the usual set
of basal leaves which are often gland-tipped along
the edges.
Major distinctive vegetative feature is the usual set
of basal leaves which are often gland-tipped along
the edges.
Most prefer wet woods, swampy conditions, or
drippy cliffs as in the driftless region.
Saxifraga in swampy woods
Sullivantia under dripping cliffs
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Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
CA 5 CO 5
Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
A 5or10 G (2)
5 merous flowers usually on leafless stems
CA 5 CO 5
A 5or10 G (2)
5 merous flowers usually on leafless stems
Superior pistil is made of 2 carpels, usually
separated, at least from the middle up; perigynous
hypanthium often present
Fruit 2 follicles or 1 splitting capsule
2 styles
Saxifraga pensylvanica - swamp saxifrage
Saxifraga pensylvanica - swamp saxifrage
Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
Note cup-like
hypanthium
Mitella diphylla
Bishop’s-cap
or miterwort
[with 2 stem leaves]
Tiarella cordifolia
Foamflower
Endangered boreal sp.
Heuchera richardsonii
prairie alumroot
Mitella nuda
Small Bishop’s-cap
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Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
Saxifragaceae - saxifrage family
Parnassia - grass of parnassus - has now been moved
to its own family, unrelated to Saxifragaceae. Note
the staminodia.
Parnassia - grass of parnassus - has now been moved
to its own family, unrelated to Saxifragaceae. Note
the staminodia.
Calciphiles (adapted to high
calcium areas like fens, limestone pavement- e.g. Door Co.)
P. glauca
P. palustris [threatened]
P. parviflora [endangered]
Grossulariaceae - currant family
P. glauca
P. palustris [threatened]
P. parviflora [endangered]
Grossulariaceae - currant family
One genus, 150 species of shrubs from the north temperate regions and Andes
One genus, 150 species of shrubs from the north temperate regions and Andes
Characterized by lobed leaves, raceme inflorescences, and fleshy fruits (currants
and gooseberries)
Characterized by lobed leaves, raceme inflorescences, and fleshy fruits (currants
and gooseberries)
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CA 5 CO 5 A 5 G (2)
Flowers 5 merous with sepals large and petals smaller
Gynoecium inferior of 2 fused carpels
well developed hypanthium
ovary
Ribes americanum - American black currant
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Grossulariaceae - currant family
Grossulariaceae - currant family
Gooseberries identified by paired flowers; stems
often spiny
Currants identified by long racemes of many flowers
Ribes triste - swamp currant
Ribes americanum
American black currant
Rosids
Ribes missouriense
Missouri gooseberry
Ribes cynosbati - prickly gooseberry, dogberry
*Rosaceae - rose family
Rosids are one of the two large groups of dicots;
the other group are the Asterids
Rosids:
Rosaceae is a large family of nearly 100 genera and almost 3000 species distributed
worldwide but most common in the north temperate regions - important fruit family
Comprise herbs, shrubs, or trees and with
simple, pinnately compound or palmately
compound leaves
Separate petals
Asterids:
Fused petals
Stipules well
developed in
compound leaves
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Rosaceae - rose family
CA 5 CO 5 A ∞
Rosaceae - rose family
CA 5 CO 5 A ∞
G [variable!]
G [variable!]
Flowers are showy, 5 merous, with numerous stamens
Flowers are showy, 5 merous, with numerous stamens
Gynoecium is variable and used to define subfamilies
Gynoecium is variable and used to define subfamilies
Hypanthium is present to some
degree in all these forms
Bracts on calyx (epicalyx) often
present
Rosaceae - rose family
Rosaceae - rose family
drupelets
follicles
The gynoecium is variable as we will see
and has been used to define 4
subfamilies
1. Spiraeoideae
2. Rosoideae
aggregate of
achenes
achenes
3. Prunoideae
4. Pomoideae or Maloideae
Gynoecium variability encompasses size
of receptacle, position of ovary, size of
hypanthium, and the resulting fruit types:
drupes
pomes
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Rosaceae - Spiraeoideae subfamily
Rosaceae - Spiraeoideae subfamily
CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G 2-8
apocarpic, superior pistils
short hypanthium
follicle fruits
Spiraea alba - meadow-sweet
Spiraea tomentosa - hardhack
Physocarpus opulifolius - ninebark
Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G ∞
CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G ∞
Herbs mostly with compound
leaves
Herbs mostly with compound
leaves
Plants with stolons (running stems
above ground) or running
rhizomes
Plants with stolons (running stems
above ground) or running
rhizomes
Flowers apocarpic with many carpels
Hypanthium well-developed or
receptacle elongated
One-seeded achenes
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Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G ∞
Achenes often modified into
aggregate of achenes (from one
flower) as in the strawberry or fleshy
drupelets as in raspberry, dewberry
Fragaria virginiana - wild strawberry
Rubus idaeus - American raspberry
Fragaria sp. - strawberry
Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
Geum triflorum - prairie smoke
Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
Fragaria virginiana - wild strawberry
Agrimonia gryposepala - common agrimony,
harvest lice
Argentina argentea
[Potentilla argentea]
silverweed
Potentilla simplex
Common cinquefoil
2 achenes, but hypanthium disperses as a unit
with “velcro”-like barbs from top of hypanthium
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Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
Rosaceae - Rosoideae subfamily
Rosa rugosa
Beach rose
Rubus parviflorus
thimbleberry
Rubus hispidus
swamp dewberry
Rubus allegheniensis
blackberry
Rosaceae - Prunoideae subfamily
CA 5 CO 5 A ∞
G1
Rosa palustris
Swamp rose
Rosa multiflora
Multiflora rose
Invasive weed
Rosaceae - Prunoideae subfamily
Prunus serotina
wild black cherry
Shrubs and trees with simple leaves, often with glands
along petiole (cherries, plums, peaches)
Gynoecium superior with one carpel = monocarpic
Prunus virginiana
choke cherry
Fruit a drupe = fleshy, with one bony seed
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Rosaceae - Prunoideae subfamily
Rosaceae - Prunoideae subfamily
Prunus americana
Wild plum
Prunus pumila - sand cherry
Rosaceae - Pomoideae/Maloideae subfamily
Rosaceae - Pomoideae/Maloideae subfamily
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CA 5 CO 5 A ∞ G (3-5)
Aronia melanocarpa
black chokeberry
Shrubs or trees with showy 5 merous flowers
Gynoecium inferior of 3 to 5 fused carpels
Hypanthium thickens in fruit to form pome fruit
ovary
Pyrus communis
Pear (introduced)
Malus pumila or Pyrus malus - apple
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Rosaceae - Pomoideae/Maloideae subfamily
Amelanchier laevis
Serviceberry, Juneberry
Rosaceae - Pomoideae/Maloideae subfamily
Crataegus crus-galli - cockspur hawthorn
Crataegus mollis - downy hawthorn
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