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Potawatomi Medicinal Herbs Arranged by Illness and Treatment Form Zhabsegen– Laxatives Wa wno kek Lichen Parmelia physodes (eaten raw and fresh) Ah bsi tthgen– All purpose healing medicines Sa wa kmen ga wesh Mountain Holly Nemopanthus mucronata (used in a mixture– general) Ba kwan mesh Staghorn Sumac Rhus typhina (multiple applications) Bo za kme nen Juneberry Amelanchier spicata (general healing tonic) Wike Sweet Flag Acorus calamus (multiple applications) Be bgwe wno skens Bristly Sarsaparilla Aralia hispida (general healing tonic) Se swe mne ga wesh Choke Cherry Prunus virginiana (berries as tonic beverage) Kishki Arbor Vitae Thuja occidentalis (multiple applications) Anen wesh Common Milkweed Asclepias syriaca (non-specific applications) We za wbe kek Labrador Tea Ledum groenlandicum (general in mixtures) Be mte be kek Yellowish Gentian Gentiana flavita (general healing) Be ga nak Butternut Juglans cinerea (inner bark as physic) Pkwe ne sgen– Medicines for smudging or smudging objects for spiritual purification Dgesh ka ndwe ze wangok esh gek Yarrow Achillea millefolium (flowers for purification) We wap kwe yak Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea (flowers used) Pkwe ne sgen New England Aster Aster novae anglie (general fumigator) Pkwe ne sgen Umbelled Aster Aster umbellatus (flowers used) Kishki Arbor Vitae Thuja occidentalis (leaves used) No kwe sgen– Medicines used for smudging people as healing cure Dgesh ka ndwe ze wangok esh gek Wa bo yan beg Yarrow Common Mullein Achillea millefolium (flowers used for coma) Verbascum thaspus (leaves for asthma/reviver) No kwe sgen Wormwood Sage Artemisia frigida O ko gse mne ga wesh Indian Spikenard Smilacina racemosa Be gwi wet she gwak Jack Pine Pinus banksiana Ba kwe nga mesh Norway Pine Pinus resinosa (foliage and flower for coma) (root used for coma) (needles for coma and to clear lungs) (needles as a reviver) Zhas ke gwe sgen– Purgatives used to induce vomiting Mko mne ga wesh Eur. Mountain Ash Pryrus aucuparia (leaf tea) Pa pas kse gna teg Red Berried Elder Sambucus racemosa (bark tea used) Dap o so mshke ke– Medicines used to treat seizures, cramps and epilepsy Mya nos Ironwood Ostrya virginiana (bark used) Anip American Elm Ulmus americana Ah kwa tsi weshk Purple Meadow Rue Thalictrum dasycarpum (seeds and leaved mixed) (corms for wounds/sores) (bark used) Gwe bse wen– Medicines used as Poultices Wa pse pe nik Arrowhead Sagittaria latifolia Kishki Arbor Vitae Thuja occidentalis Ba bi gwe wneshk Wild Parsnip Pastinaca sativa (roots for inflammation/sores) Aba kweshk Cattail Typha latifolia (pounded roots for inflammation) Ma ge ke beg Poison Ivy Rhus toxicodenron (pounded roots for swelling) Wa spe pe nik Water Arum Calla palustris (pounded roots for swelling) Okadag kos Wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis (roots for swelling/infections) Okadag kos Indian Spikenard Aralia racemosa (roots for inflammations) TThi ses American Ginseng Panax quinquefolium (root poultice for earache) Twe tbo gne yak Spotted Touch me not Impatiens biflora (boiled for sprains) Ktthe ga ne shi mesh Beaked Hazelnut Corylus rostrata (bark as astringent) Sha sha bge set Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum (fresh leaves for burns) (leaves used) We za wno kek Bog Goldenrod Solidago uliginosa Mesh kwi gbek Leather-leaf Chamaedphne calyculata (leaves for inflammations) Mte gmesh Red Oak Quercus rubra (inner bark– cancer/ulcers) Pe gwi shkos Blue Flag Iris versicolor (roots for inflammations) Nabageshk Water Lily Nymphaea odorata (unspecified root poultice) Dgesh ka ndwe ze wangok esh gek (roots for boils) Wood Betony Pedicularis canadensis (root for swellings) Ke te wi Yellow Pond Lilly Nymphaea advena Ma nbe mesh Tamarack Larix laricina (fresh inner bark for wounds) Ga wan dgos Black Spruce Picea mariana (inner bark for infections) Shesh ko oze wa ngok esh gek Common Plantain Plantago major (heated leaves for swellings) Ah kwa tsi weshk Thalictrum dasycarpum (seeds peppered on poultices) Purple Meadow Rue (pounded root for inflammations) Gi wse wesh- Hunting medicines We za wne kek Field Thistle Me ma kte wge te yak Maiden Hair Fern Adiantum pedatum (juiced sucked from branches) Sonchus arvensis (black stems used) Kwe ke wesh– Love medicines for enticing someone of the opposite sex Ah kwa tsi weshk Purple Meadow Rue Thalictrum dasycarpum Ana kneshk Great Bullrush Scirpus validus Mskwe me nek esh kek Intermediate Bog Orchid Haberaria dilatata (seeds put in food) (flower used) (rubbed on cheek) Ne go wesh– Choking medicines, used to dislodge an object one is choking on Shesh ko oze wa ngok esh gek Common Plantain Plantago major Oshash gweb Ulmus fulva Slippery Elm (boiled root—slippery fluid) (boiled/masticated inner bark) Gsi ya ba wthhe gen- Washing medicines, used to bath afflicted parts or new born babies Sha sha bge set Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum Aza omesh American Beech Fagus grandifolia She ngwa ko seng esh kek Sweet Fern Myrica asplenifolia (root wash after birth) (leaf decoction for burns/frostbite) (Leaf tea for itching) Zi gni ngwan– Eye medicine for washing out the eyes Shi shi gme wesh Red Maple Acer rubrum L. (inner bark boiled) A zge de bwe Smoother Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza longistylis (roots used) TThi ses American Ginseng Panax quinquefolium (pounded roots) Oshash gweb Slippery Elm Ulmus fulva Mos mesh Alternate Leafed Dogwood Cornus altenifolia Se swe mne ga wesh Choke Cherry Prunus virginiana Kte mnek Blackberry Rubus allegheniensis Mskwe mne ga wesh Red Raspberry Bush Rubus idaeus Sha bo mne ga wesh Prickly Gooseberry Ribes cynosbati (boiled/masticated inner bark) (bark for eyelid granulation) (bark used) (root bark used) (roots used) (roots used for sore eyes) Ttha ttha mse gen– Sneezing Medicine Sge de bwe Agrimony Agrimonia gryposepala (whole plant used?) Ta di wesh– Gambling Medicine Sha sha bge set Joe Pye Weed Eupatorium purpureum Se ksi mne ga wesh Canada Mayflower Maianthemum canadense (tops placed in pockets) (root used as charm) Wge ma wesh- Chief Medicine– used for luck Ah kwa tsi weshk Purple Meadow Rue Thalictrum dasycarpum (seeds smoked with tobacco) Wesh e wen– Medicines applied externally like rouge Me na gwa skek Strawberry Blite Chenopodium capitum A do pi Speckled alder Alnus incana (applied to cheeks and chest) (sap and inner bark tea) Se mwen– Medicine that is taken into the mouth of the healer & blown at the afflicted person Medicines used to treat fevers We za wne kek Fragrant Goldenrod We za wne ktos Broad-leaved Goldenrod Solidago latifolia Weza wa ba bno kek Late Goldenrod Solidago serotina (inflorescence– infusions) Me san Lyalls Nettle Urtica lyalli (root and leaf tea used) Mesh kwi gbek Leather-leaf Chamaedphne calyculata (leaf tea) Wi nsi bek Wintergreen Gualtheria procumbens (leaf tea) Wis gbek Marsh St. Johns Wort Hypericum virginicum (leaf tea) Ne me wi shkons Wild Mint Mentha arvensis (leaf/top tea) Wi ske bek Dock leaved Persicaria Polygonum lapathifolium (whole plant tea) A yan nko genk Careys Persicaria Polygonum Careyi (whole plant tea) Ga ga kwesh Hemlock Tsuga canadensis (leaf tea) Solidago graminifolia (Flowering tops– infusions) (whole herb– infusions) Medicine that is used to treat coughs and respiratory illnesses Se ksi mne ga wesh Canada Mayflower Maianthemum canadense (root for sore throat) Msqi wthi bek Bloodroot Sanguinaria Canadensis (root for throat diseases) Wigwas me ne sen Bird Cherry Prunus Pennsylvanica (inner bark tea for coughs) Sha sha gbe mesh Mountain Maple Acer spicatum (inner bark– coughs) She na mesh Sugar Maple Acer saccharum (inner bark - expectorant) Wa bo yan beg Common Mullein Verbascum thaspus (leaves for asthma/reviver) Medicine that is used to treat diarrhea and digestive problems Wi ske bek Northern Willow Herb Epilobium adenocaulon (root for diarrhea) Mte gmesh Red Oak Quercus rubra (inner bark– diarrhea) Ga ga kwesh Hemlock Tsuga canadensis (inner bark- diarhea) Mskwa bi mesh Red Osier Dogwood Cornus stolonifera (root bark for diarrhea) Ne me pen Wild Ginger Asarum canadense L. (general stomachic) Mi nse ga wesh Bicknells Thorn Crataegus rotundifolia (fruits as stomachic) Ate emin be gok esh gek Eur. Wood Strawberry Fragaria vesca (root as stomachic) Ne me pen Wild Ginger Asarum canadense (root as atomachic) A zge de bwe Smoother Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza longistylis (root as stomachic) Medicine that is used to stop external or internal bleeding Be ba ma bik Common Club Moss Lycopodium clavatum (spores used a styptic) Sisi go bamic Pussy Willow Salix discolor (root bark tea- hemorrhage) Sisi go bamic Slender Willow Salix petiolaris (root bark tea- hemorrhage) Medicine that is used to treat colds Ga gi nte be Balsam Fir Abies balsamea (fresh sap for colds) Me ma kte wi ngwe yak Black-eyed Susan Rudbekia hirta (root tea for colds) Negi me nen Black Chokeberry Pyrus melanocarpa (berry tea for colds) Sipi tia men Smooth Rose Rosa blanda (root tea for headaches) Medicine that is used to affect menstruation or aid in childbirth Otse gmen ga wesh Blue Cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides (root tea for childbirth/menses) Pe ki wbe gons Twinflower Linnaea borealis (unspecified for women) Wi ko senk Indian Pipe Monotropa uniflora (unspecified for women) Ge dge bgek Rattlesnake Plantain Goodyera repens Wi shkbe tthi bgek Red Baneberry Actaea rubra Gokok o mke snen Pitcher Plant Sarrencenia purpurea (unspecified for women) (root to purge mother after birth) (foliage used for women) Medicine that is used to aid lactation or treat lactation disorders We za wne kek Field Thistle Me ma kte wge te yak Maiden Hair Fern Adiantum pedatum (root tea for caked breasts) No na gna wesh Lady Fern (root tea for caked breasts) Sonchus arvensis Asplenium Filix-femina (leaf tea for caked breasts) Medicine that is used to treat heart diseases and disorders Me na kwe skek Common Hemp Nettle Galeopsis tetrahit (plant tea for pulmonary) Do do sha bweng Spreading Dogbane Apocynum androsaemilfolium Ga ke bgons Downy Yellow Violet Viola pubescens (kidneys/heart) (roots for heart disease) Medicine that is used to treat urinary diseases and difficulties Osa wa scones Bush Honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera Ian ko tse me ne ga wesh American Fly Honeysuckle Lonicera canadensis She gwa kos Field Horsetail Equisetem arvense Asho ko nes Common Juniper Juniperus communis Ga wesh American Yew Taxus canadensis Tthi be gob Moosewood Dirca palustris (root tea diuretic) (bark in tea mixture) (plant tea used for kidney/bladder) (berries used in mixture) (leaves used in mixture) (inner bark tea used) Medicine that is administered through steam in a sweat lodge Bwa ote et-Be gan mesh Witch Hazel Hamamelis virginiana (twigs for sore muscles) Medicines used specifically in the form of salves Be gwi wet she gwak Jack Pine Pinus banksiana She ngwak White Pine Pinus strobes Ne wa ktek Large Flowered Bellwort Uvularia grandiflora (infusion/salve for sore muscles) Men asadis Balsam Poplar Populus balsamifera (cone pitch as ointment base) (pitch for salve base) (buds for eczema/sores salve) Plants added to medicines to mask disagreeable flavors Wi gwas mesh Paper Birch Betula alba (buds boiled to extract fragrant oil) Win sa tek Yellow Birch Betula lutea (Twigs used to extract oil) Ktthe mzan Bull Thistle Cirsium lanceolatum (centers of flowers chewed) Okwe me nen Wild Cherry Prunus scrotina (inner bark used) Plants used as medicinal foods to prevent or cure disease Go kosh beg Lambs Quarters Chenopodium album (Greens eaten to prevent scury) Plant medicines which fall into categories not listed above Aza wtthi bkes Goldthread Coptis trifolia (roots for sore gums) Aza weshk Liverleaf Hepatica triloba (root/leaf tea for vertigo)