Download CFLT Professional Plant Class B Handouts

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Plants for Water
Management
Class B
http://www.mwdh2o.com
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Introduction
This book includes descriptions and photos of the plants used in the California Friendly
Landscape Training Plant Identification workshop. The plant species included in the class were
selected with the help of landscape professionals, college professors, landscape architects, and
UC Extension farm advisors. Although most are low water use plants, they do not only represent
drought tolerant species. Since the majority of people who attend the workshop are professional
landscape maintenance workers, it was intended to also include many of the common plants they
encounter in their daily work. It is intended for use in the Southern California area serviced by
the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California.
What Information is on the Plant Sheets?
Taxonomy - Both the botanical name and the common name of the plant is on the first line.
The botanical family is listed under the botanical name.
Size and Exposure - The height and spread information is based on unpruned plants.
Zones - The planting zones are based on Southern California climates in areas serviced by the
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The following is a partial list of
cites that lie in each zone in order to give an idea of the zone boundaries.
Coastal
Santa Monica
Oceanside
Irvine
Coastal Valley
San Fernando
Escondido
Vista
Inland Valley
Riverside
Perris
Ontario
Water - Two sources are quoted for the water requirements of each plant.
WUCOLS: A Guide to the Water Needs of Landscape Plants. This publication is
available from the California Department of Water Resources and is included in the
student’s handbook. Coastal as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Coastal (region
3) in WUCOLS. Inland Valley as listed on the plant sheets refers to South Inland
Valleys and Foothills (region 4) in WUCOLS. Refer to page 68 in the manual for a
complete description of the regions.
*Sunset Western Garden Book (WGB). Water use guidelines for each plant as listed in
the encyclopedia section.
Acknowledgments
*From Sunset Western Garden Book, copyright 1995, Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo
Park, CA 94025.
We wish to thank everyone who assisted us in the selection of the landscape plants used in this workshop. JoEllen
Jacoby and Don Schultz - September 1998.
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Table of Contents
Page
4 …………………………………………………………… Presentation Slides
Page
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Scientific Name
Leptospermum scoparium
Limonium perezii . . .
Malephora crocea
. .
Melaleuca nesophila . .
Metrosideros excelsus .
Myoporum laetum
. .
Myoporum 'Pacificum' .
Myoporum parvifolium .
Nerium oleander . . .
Osteospermum fruticosum
Phormium tenax . . .
Pinus canariensis
. .
Pinus eldarica
. . .
Pittosporum tobira
. .
Quercus agrifolia . . .
Quercus ilex
. . .
Rhaphiolepis indica . .
Rhus integrifolia . . .
Rhus laurina
. . .
Rosmarinus officinalis .
Salvia greggii
. . .
Salvia leucantha
. .
Schinus molle
. . .
Tecomaria capensis . .
Tristania conferta . . .
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61
62
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Common Name
New Zealand Tea Tree
Sea Lavender
Ice Plant
Pink Melaleuca
New Zealand Christmas Tree
Myoporum
Myoporum
Myoporum
Oleander
Trailing African Daisy
New Zealand Flax
Canary Island Pine
Afghan Pine
Mock Orange
Coast Live Oak
Holly Oak
Indian Hawthorn
Lemonade Berry
Laurel Sumac
Rosemary
Autumn Sage
Mexican Bush Sage
California Pepper
Cape Honeysuckle
Brisbane Box
Presentation Slides
Site Microclimates
Site Hydrozones
Base Sheet Exercise
Plant List – Water Use
Plant Growth
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Presentation Slides
Plants for Water Management
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• Irrigation Scheduling and Water Use
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• Plant Identification
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• Microclimates
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• Hydrozones
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• Water Wise Landscaping
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Irrigation Scheduling
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• Weather
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• Plant Factor
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Type of Plants
Weather Conditions
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• Soils
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• Irrigation System
Performance
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Type of Soil
Type of Irrigation
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Weather
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• Reference ETo (Evapotranspiration)
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• CIMIS weather stations
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• General Climate Zones
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•
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Coastal
Coastal Valley
Interior Valley
Desert
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CIMIS Weather Station
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Irrigation System Performance
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• Precipitation rate
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• (Application rate)
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• Distribution Uniformity
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• (Coverage)
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Plant Factor
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• Also known as Crop Coefficient
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• Plant species
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• Drought adaptability
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• General categories
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- Very low
- Medium
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- Low
- High
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Plant Factor (Crop Coefficient)
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1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
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0.5
0.4
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0.3
0.2
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0.1
0
ETo
High
Medium
Low
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Leptospermum scoparium
Myrtaceae
Height 3 to 10 feet
(depending on variety)
New Zealand Tea Tree
Spread 3 to 8 feet
Exposure Full sun to part
sun in inland valleys.
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: No water on coast, summer water inland.
Description
Evergreen shrub.
Leaf: Less than 1/2 inch long, narrow, green to brownish green.
Flower: Showy 1/2 inch flowers, white, pink, or red, located along branches,
spring.
Maintenance Pest free.
Light trimming only, avoid shearing.
Susceptible to iron chlorosis.
Comments
Rather indistinct in landscape when not in bloom.
Give space to allow for full height.
Varieties
Ruby Glow (6-10 feet, double dark red flowers).
Snow White (2-4 feet, double white flowers).
Keatleyi (6-10 feet, single pink flowers).
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Limonium perezii
Plumbaginaceae
Height 1 to 2 feet
Sea Lavender
Spread 3 to 6 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal and coastal valley. Freezes at 25 degrees but recovers quickly.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little water once established.
Description
Evergreen perennial.
Leaf: Green, 6” to 12” long leaf with ruffled edge from base of plant.
Flower: Purple with either purple or white center, on 2’ to 3’ stalks. Flowers are
papery and clustered into large masses. Spring and summer bloom.
Maintenance Requires good drainage. Avoid direct sun in hot inland areas.
Comments
When out of bloom, the plant is not attractive. Does well at the beach but can
self-sow.
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Malephora crocea
Aizoaceae
Height 6 inches
Ice Plant
Spread 11/2 to 2 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Needs no supplemental water once established.
Description
Succulent ground cover. Trailing.
Leaf: Small gray-green, smooth, cylindrical.
Flower: Orange-red, spring, intermittent throughout year.
Maintenance Very hardy. Remove dead areas in late summer and replant.
Comments
Attracts bees. Good for erosion control on moderate slopes.
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Melaleuca nesophila
Myrtaceae
Height 10 to 20 feet
Pink Melaleuca
Spread 8 to 18
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little or no water.
Description
Evergreen tree or large shrub.
Leaf: Linear, 1” long. Slightly rounded, gray green, leathery.
Flower: White to pink, 1” rounded brushes, most of the year.
Bark: White spongy bark, peels off.
Maintenance Grows naturally as tree, needs pruning to maintain shrub form.
Comments
If left unpruned, develops a picturesque spreading form with age. Well adapted to
poor soils and hot climates. Also tolerates ocean winds and salt spray.
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Metrosideros excelsus
Myrtaceae
Height 20 to 30 feet
New Zealand Christmas Tree
Spread 15 to 30 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal and coastal valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Tolerates no water, or some water.
Description
Evergreen tree (with training) or large shrub. Rounded shape.
Leaf: Smooth, glossy green in youth; Mature leaf is dark above with white wool
underneath.
Flower: Large, scarlet flowers, with many stamens, at ends of branches. May to
July.
Maintenance Naturally branches from the base. Requires staking and pruning to attain tree
form. Can be clipped into a hedge.
Comments
Very tolerant of coastal conditions, including sand and salt spray. Established
trees can survive without water on the coast and with little supplemental water
inland. Will grow faster with regular water.
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Myoporum laetum
Myoporaceae
Height 30 feet
Myoporum
Spread 20 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal and coastal valley. Needs frost protection (under 25 degrees) in inland
valleys.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Needs some water.
Description
Evergreen tree (with training) or large shrub. Broad based.
Leaf: Dark green with translucent dots.
Flower: Small, white flower clusters, inconspicuous, summer.
Fruit: Small purple berries.
Maintenance Can be trained into small multi-trunk tree. Prune to avoid top heaviness. Year
round leaf drop and invasive roots. Can be used as a groundcover by pegging
branches down.
Comments
Very tolerant of coastal conditions, including sandy conditions. Can be used as a
screen. Fruit and leaves are poisonous.
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Myoporum ‘Pacificum’
Myoporaceae
Height 2 to 3 feet
Myoporum
Spread 15 to 30 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley, inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Medium (inland valley).
WGB: Little water once established.
Description
Evergreen shrub. Wide spreading.
Leaf: 1” to 3” long, ½” wide, serrated, deep green leaves.
Flower: Small white, along stem, summer.
Maintenance Trim well away from trees and shrubs on a regular basis.
Comments
Grows fast. Does well along coast and in calcareous soils. Some plants infected
with a virus that causes yellow leaf variegation.
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Myoporum parvifolium
Myoporaceae
Height 3 inches
Myoporum
Spread 9 to 12 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Some summer water.
Description
Evergreen groundcover.
Leaf: ½” to 1”, serrated, bright green leaves.
Flower: Small white, summer and intermittent throughout the year.
Maintenance May be short lived. Mice sometimes girdle branches.
Comments
Can die out in center. Branches root where stems touch moist soil.
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Oleander
Nerium oleander
Apocynaceae
Height 8 to 12 feet
Petite varieties: 3 to 5 feet
Spread 8 to 12 feet
Petite varieties: 3 to 4 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley, and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little or no water once established.
Description
Evergreen shrub or small tree (if trained). Rounded shape.
Leaf: Narrow, 4 to 12 inches long, dark green.
Flower: 2-3 inches wide, white, pink or red. Double varieties exist. May or June to
October.
Maintenance Susceptible to oleander scorch, yellow oleander aphid, scale, bacterial gall.
Can be trained into small tree. Trees continue to produce sucker growth which
requires regular removal. Plants recover quickly from severe pruning.
Comments
Very heat tolerant. All parts of plant are poisonous. Growth rate, leaf size, plant
size, and overall shape varies by variety and flower color.
Varieties
‘Sister Agnes’ (single, white flowers, to 20 feet)
‘Algiers’ (single, deep ed flowers, 10 to 12 feet)
‘Mrs. Roeding’ (double, salmon flowers, 6 to 8 feet)
‘Petite Pink’ (pink flower, 3 to 5 feet)
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Osteospermum fruticosum
Asteraceae
Height 6 to 12 inches
Trailing African Daisy
Spread 4 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Moderate water.
Description
Evergreen subshrub. Wide spreading covered with flowers.
Leaf: Narrow with a few large teeth, variable shape.
Flower: Daisy like, lilac fading to white above, darker below, dark purple center.
Blooms intermittently throughout year.
Maintenance Tip pinch and lightly prune to encourage bushiness and bloom.
Comments
Grows fast by trailing branches. Excellent at seashore. May be used in hanging
basket.
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Phormium tenax
Agavaceae
Height 7 to 10 feet (See
varieties below)
New Zeland Flax
Spread 6 to 9 feet
Exposure Full sun, light shade
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little to no water.
Description
Evergreen perennial.
Leaf: Long blade, up to 9’ in length, and 5” wide.
Flower: Red or yellow spikes above leaves, summer and fall.
Maintenance Divide large clumps. Trim to ground to reduce height. Avoid heading back.
Comments
Grows into large shrub. Provide plenty of room
Varieties
‘Atropurpureum’ (purple red leaf) ‘Rubrum’ (dark purple leaf)
‘Bronze’ (brownish red leaf) ‘Variegatum’ (green white stripes)
Hybrids
Hybrids listed below are smaller in size and susceptible to temperatures below
20 degrees. They need partial shade in hot inland areas and require moderate
water. Bronze Baby (purple red) Sundowner (apricot, cream, green, bronze)
Jack Spratt (very small, dark red brown) Tom Thumb (24”, red brown margins)
Mori Queen (apricot, cream, green, bronze)
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Pinus canariensis
Pinaceae
Height 60 to 80 feet
Canary Island Pine
Spread 30 to 40 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Aridity tolerant but needs water in Southern California.
Description
Evergreen tree. Pyramid shape in youth, round headed in old age.
Leaf: 9” to 12” needles in bundles of 3. Blue-green.
Cones: 4” to 9”
Maintenance Stake young trees. Avoid excessive fertilization. Susceptible to several insects
and diseases.
Comments
Tolerant of urban conditions. Does best in loose sandy soil.
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Pinus eldarica
Pinaceae
Height 30 to 70 feet
Afghan Pine
Spread 20 to 40 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: (Information not available).
Description
Evergreen tree. Upright.
Leaf: 5” to 6” needles in bundles of 2. Dark green.
Cones: 3” oval to oblong.
Maintenance Stake young trees. Avoid excessive fertilization.
Comments
Tolerant of both desert and coastal conditions. Thought to be related to P. brutia
and P. halepensis. Accepts alkaline and poor soils.
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Pittosporum tobira
Pittosporaceae
Height 6 to 15 feet
Mock Orange
Spread 6 to 15 feet
Exposure Full sun to half
shade
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Best with weekly watering.
Description
Leaf: 2” to 5” long with rounded end. Leathery, shiny dark green.
Flower: Creamy white flower in clusters at ends of branch, spring.
Fruit: Green fruit turns dark, opens to reveal orange seed.
Maintenance Aphids may be a problem.
Takes well to shearing or prune and thin to maintain good form.
Comments
Flowers smell like orange blossom. Good near pools.
Can be trained as tree.
Cultivars:
‘Variegata ‘ (gray green leaves with white edge)
‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’ (1’ to 2’ high, dense, compact growth habit)
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Quercus agrifolia
Fagaceae
Height 20 to 60 feet
Coast Live Oak
Spread 30 to 70 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Do not water natives. Water planted ones.
Description
Broad evergreen tree, loses most leaves in early spring.
Leaf: 1” to 3” cupped leaves glossy above, serrated (hollylike).
Bark: Smooth gray.
Flower: Small, creamy yellow, droops in clusters from the leaves.
Maintenance Is susceptible to oak moth larvae. Greedy roots make planting underneath
difficult. Leaf drop requires springtime attention. Young trees need staking and
proper training.
Comments
Allow plenty of room for ultimate size.
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Quercus ilex
Fagaceae
Height 40 to 50 feet
Holly Oak
Spread 40 to 50 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: Do not water natives; Water planted ones.
Description
Broad evergreen tree.
Leaf: 1 ½” to 3” long, ½” to 1” wide, serrate or entire, dark green above, yellow or
silver below.
Flower: Small, creamy white, droops in clusters from the leaves.
Maintenance Can be sheared for a formal look.
Comments
Can be clipped as hedge. Tolerates ocean wind and salt. Accepts wide variety of
soils.
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Rhaphiolepis indica
Rosaceae
Height 4 to 5 feet
India Hawthorn
Spread 4 to 5 feet
Exposure Full sun to part
shade
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal), Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Accepts infrequent or lawn watering.
Description
Evergreen shrub.
Leaf: 1½” to 3” long, pointed at end. Leathery, medium green. New growth
bronzy red.
Flower: ½” clusters, white tinged pink, mid winter to late spring.
Fruit: Dark blue berry, after flowering.
Maintenance Pinch back tips yearly to encourage bushiness. Avoid trimming after November
for best flowering. Fungus may cause leaf spotting during wet winters. Aphids
may be a problem in shade.
Comments
Many varieties available with varying size and flower color.
Varieties
‘Ballerina ‘ (dark pink flower, 2’ to 3’ high, 4’ wide)
‘Clara’ (white flower, 3’ to 5’ high, reddish new growth)
‘Springtime’ (dark pink flower, upright growth to 4’ to 6’)
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Rhus integrifolia
Anacardiaceae
Height 5 to12 feet
Lemonade Berry
Spread 5 to 12 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal and coastal valley
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little to no water.
Description
Broad evergreen shrub.
Leaf: 2” to 4” long, oval with pungent oil when crushed, branchlets often tinged
red.
Flower: White in clusters, in spring.
Fruit: Red berry, in clusters, flat with sour lemon coating.
Maintenance Prone to verticillium wilt.
Comments
Can be trained against wall, or used as ground cover in areas with consistent
ocean breeze.
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Rhus laurina (Malosma laurina)
Anacardiaceae
Laurel Sumac
Height 10 to15 feet
Exposure Full sun
Spread 10 to 15 feet
Zones
Coastal and coastal valley
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little to no water.
Description
Large evergreen shrub or small rounded tree.
Leaf: 2” to 4” long, oval with pungent oil when crushed, branchlets often tinged
red.
Flower: Small white in clusters, late spring to early summer.
Fruit: White berry, attracts birds.
Maintenance Tender to frost but recovers easily.
Comments
Highly flammable, do not use in fire prone areas. Deep rooted.
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Rosmarinus officinalis
Lamiaceae
Height 2 to 6 feet
Rosemary
Spread 4 to 6 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal); Low (inland valley).
WGB: Little or no water once established.
Description
Evergreen shrub or groundcover.
Leaf: Small, narrow, glossy upper surface, grayish white below.
Flower: Pale lavender blue, small clusters, spring and fall.
Maintenance Too much water causes woodiness in center and promotes more upright growth.
Pinch tip and prune lightly to control growth.
Comments
Very tolerant of heat and poor soil, but requires good drainage.
Varieties
‘Tuscan Blue’ (rigid upright branches, violet blue flowers, leaves rich green)
‘Lockwood de Forest’ (lighter foliage and bluer flowers)
‘Prostratus’ (2’ tall with 4’ to 8’ spread)
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Salvia greggii
Lamiaceae
Height 3 feet
Autumn Sage
Spread 3 feet
Exposure Full sun to light
shade
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: No water along coast, some water inland.
Description
Evergreen subshrub.
Leaf: Small, linear, deep green.
Flower: Small, red, tubular, spring and fall.
Maintenance Prune back after spring bloom to control ranginess.
Comments
Attracts hummingbirds. Native to sandy washes.
Varieties
‘Alba’ (white flower)
‘Sierra Linda’ (magenta flower)
‘Salmon’ (salmon flower)
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Salvia leucantha
Lamiaceae
Height 3 to 4 feet
Mexican Bush Sage
Spread 3 to 4 feet
Exposure Full sun to light
shade
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: Needs no irrigation once established.
Description
Evergreen shrub with arching form.
Leaf: 2” to 2 1/2” long, gray green above, white below.
Flower: Fuzzy purple bracts form spike with small white flowers, spring.
Maintenance Remove old stems after spring bloom.
Comments
Purple and pink flowers available.
Varieties
‘Midnight’ (purple flower)
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Schinus molle
Anacardiaceae
Height 25 to 40 feet
California Pepper
Spread 25 to 40 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Very Low (coastal), Low (inland valley).
WGB: No water once established.
Description
Evergreen tree, develops gnarled form with age. Heavy central branches with
drooping branchlets.
Leaf: Pinnate leaf comprised of many linear bright green leaflets.
Bark: Rough, brown.
Berry: Rose colored berries, fall and winter.
Maintenance Aggressive roots. Drops litter. Remove suckers regularly. Susceptible to
Peppertree psyllid.
Comments
Keep away from pavement, give plenty of space. Will produce heavy shade,
discouraging other plants from growing beneath.
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Tecomaria capensis
Bignoniaceae
Height 20 feet (with support as
vine), 6 feet (with
pruning as shrub)
Cape Honeysuckle
Spread 15 feet (vine),
4-5 feet (shrub)
Exposure Full sun or
partial shade
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley and inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal); Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little water once established.
Description
Evergreen vine (with support) or erect shrub.
Leaf: Shiny dark green, pinnate with serrated edges.
Flower: Bright orange tubular flower in clusters, 2” long. October through
February.
Maintenance Requires heavy pruning to maintain as a shrub. Vine requires support.
Comments
May be used as groundcover. Tolerates heat, wind and salt air.
Variety
‘Aurea’ (yellow flowers and lighter green leaves)
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Tristania conferta
Myrtaceae
Height 30 to 60 feet
Brisbane Box
Spread 25 to 35 feet
Exposure Full sun
Zones
Coastal, coastal valley, inland valley.
Water
WUCOLS species factor (Ks): Moderate (coastal), Moderate (inland valley).
WGB: Little or no water once established.
Description
Upright, evergreen tree,
Leaves: 4” to 6” long leathery, bright green, clustered
Bark: Rough, reddish brown, peels away. Smooth lighter colored bark beneath.
Fruit: Resembles eucalyptus capsule.
Maintenance May suffer from chlorosis, produces regular litter.
Comments
Variegated hybrid exists.
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Presentation Slides
Microclimate
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• A unique climate specific to the location
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determined by factors such as:
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Drainage patterns
Shade created by buildings
Reflective surfaces (up to 50% hotter)
Overhangs creating shade (up to 50% cooler)
Fences or buildings that block wind
Windy areas such as canyons and ridges
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Shade Patterns
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Morning and afternoon shade
North
One
Story
West
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East
Two Story Building
Morning shade
South
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Afternoon shade
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Hydrozoning
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• Design process of zoning irrigation valves
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(stations) so the plant material watered by
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each valve has similar water requirement.
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Hydrozone Considerations
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• Microclimate
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• Unique to each situation
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• Water Requirement
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• Unique to plant species
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Water Requirement
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• Total water required by plant
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• (plant factor)
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• Frequency of water needs
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• Depth of water
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• depth of roots
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Slope Orientation
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South facing slope
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North facing slope
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Hydrozones and Microclimates
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• Group plants with the same watering needs together
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• Separate the irrigation valves by watering needs
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• Schedule the irrigation to match the watering needs of
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the hydrozone
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Site Evaluation
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cool microclimate
Average
microclimate
North side
of building shady
Building
Sidewalk
Reflective heat
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Average micro-climate
Prevailing Breeze
Windy microclimate
North facing slope
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W
South facing slope
Hot microclimate
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N
Parking Lot
E
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Emphasize entry
(hot microclimate)
S
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Moderate water use plants (zone 1)
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Moderate
water use
(zone 3)
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Low water use
(zone 2)
Building
Sidewalk
Very Low water
use plants (zone 6)
Very low water use
(zone 7)
Parking Lot
Low water use (zone 4)
Very low water use
(zone 5)
Hydrozones applied
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Moderate water
use (zone 8)
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N
W
E
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S
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Water Wise Landscaping
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• Can be any style of garden
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• Can be in any climate
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• A landscape carefully designed to be
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beautiful and use water wisely
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Water Wise Landscaping cont.
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• Use grass sparingly
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• Select plants that use low to moderate water for
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the majority of the site
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• Separate plants by hydrozones
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• Use plants requiring more water as accents only
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• Install the most efficient irrigation system
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• Maintain the irrigation system
Base Sheet Exercise
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• First, evaluate sites microclimates
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• Second, evaluate sites hydrozones
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• Third, select plants appropriate for each hydrozone
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• Match plant water use for your hydrozone
• Select plants that meet your water needs
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South facing slope
Hot microclimate
Parking Lot
Sidewalk
Building
Reflective heat
Average
microclimate
A verage m icro-clim ate
(hot microclimate)
Emphasize entry
North side
of building shady
North facing slope cool microclimate
W
S
N
E
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Microclimates
W indy m icroclim ate
Prevailing B reeze
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Very low water use
(zone 7)
Moderate
water use
(zone 3)
L o w w a te r u se (z o n e 4 )
Moderate water
use (zone 8)
Parking Lot
Sidewalk
Building
Very Low water
use plants (zone 6)
Low water use
(zone 2)
Moderate water use plants (zone 1)
W
S
N
E
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Hydrozones
V e r y lo w w a te r u se
(zo n e 5 )
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Name:________________________
Base Sheet Exercise
1. Select plants from the list provided.
2. Use the microclimate and hydrozone information from the site maps.
3. List plant name, water use, and zone.
Plants
Water Use and Zone
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Plant Name
Acacia baileyana
Acacia redolens
Agonis flexuosa
Aptenia 'Red Apple'
Arbutus unedo
Artemisia californica
Baccharis species
Bougainvillea species
Callistemon citrinus
Ceanothus 'Concha'
Cistus purpureus
Cotoneaster lacteus
Delosperma alba
Drosanthemum floribundum
Echium fastuosum
Eucalyptus citriodora
Eucalyptus sideroxylon
Gazania species
Geijera parviflora
Grevillea 'Noellii'
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Lagerstroemia indica
Lampranthus species
Lantana camara
Lantana montevidensis
Leptospermum scoparium
Limonium perezii
Malephora crocea
Melaleuca nesophila
Metrosideros excelsus
Myoporum laetum
Myoporum 'Pacificum'
Myoporum parvifolium
Nerium oleander
Osteospermum fruticosum
Phormium tenax
Pinus canariensis
Pinus eldarica
Pittosporum tobira
Quercus agrifolia
Quercus ilex
Rhaphiolepis indica
Rhus integrifolia
Rhus laurina
Rosmarinus officinalis
Salvia greggii
Salvia leucantha
Schinus molle
Tecomaria capensis
Tristania conferta
Water Use (coastal)
Growth Habit
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Low
Low
Moderate
Very Low
Very Low
Low
Low
Low
Very Low
Moderate
Moderate
Shrub, Tree
Ground Cover
Tree
Ground Cover
Shrub, Tree
Shrub
Ground Cover
Shrub
Shrub, Tree
Shrub
Shrub
Shrub
Ground Cover
Ground Cover
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Ground Cover
Tree
Shrub
Shrub, Tree
Tree
Ground Cover
Shrub
Ground Cover
Shrub
Shrub
Ground Cover
Shrub
Tree
Shrub, Tree
Ground Cover
Ground Cover
Shrub
Ground Cover
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Tree
Tree
Shrub
Shrub, Tree
Shrub, Tree
Ground Cover
Shrub
Shrub
Tree
Shrub
Tree
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