Download IMPACT OF ETHNOBOTANICALS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE

IMPACT OF ETHNOBOTANICALS IN
THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PIGEON
PEA PEST ACANTHOMIA HORRIDA
IN WESTERN KENYA.
PRESENTER.
CALEB AMEKA- KENYATTA UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION
Ethno botanicals play a crucial role in
communities across the world .
 These plants are used directly or some
have their active ingredients extracted.
 Studies have been undertaken in Kenya to
determine the potential of ethno
botanicals in medicine
 Pigeon peas can substitute beans in
western as beans are prone to Bacterial
wilt and Halo-blight

•Traditionally, crop pest menace has been
managed by various plant families. Inspite
of the use of all available means for plant
protection, about 1/3 of the yearly harvests
of Kenya is destroyed by pests.
•Additionally pests have developed
resistance to chemical insecticides.
•Pigeon peas can substitute beans in
western as beans are prone to
Bacterial wilt and Halo-blight
•Pigeon peas have the potential of
reducing food shortage in arid and semi
arid areas.
•Pizarro et al (1999) reported that sisal
waste had insecticidal properties
particularly against larvae of
mosquitoes which transmit mosquitoes
which transmit tropical diseases.
•With
growing
global
demand
for
environmentally sound pest management
strategies, there is need a need to develop
alternative pesticides with minimal or non
ecological hazards.
•Synthetic pesticides are expensive thus botanical
pesticides offer sustainable solutions for the
peasant pigeon pea farmers.
Botanical pesticides are plants products
that belong to the group called secondary
metabolites,which include thousands of
alkaloids, trapezoids, photonics and minor
secondary chemicals.
 In Kenya, trees and shrubs such as Neem,
Azadirachta indica , Mexican marigold
Tagetes minuta, Sisal Agaves sisalana,
can be exploited for use as ethno botanical
plants.
 The plants are processed and applied on
crops while in the field and in the store

•Neem products have been shown to exhibit a
wide range of effects that are potentially useful
in pest management and include antifeedancy
ovicidal activity, fecundity, suppression, insect
growth regulation, and repellency.
• Agaves sisalana , popularly known as Sisal
belongs to the family Agavaceae and is a
monocotyledonous plant. Sisal waste principally
contains plant tissues (lignin and cellulose)
primary and secondary metabolites, and water.
•Pizarro et al (1999) reported that sisal waste
had insecticidal properties particularly against
larvae of mosquitoes which transmit
mosquitoes which transmit tropical diseases.
•With
growing
global
demand
for
environmentally sound pest management,
strategies there is need a need to develop
alternative pesticides with minimal or non
ecological hazards.
BIOLOGY OF THE PIGEON PEA PEST
OCCURRENCE
E.A, and Nigeria
 Eggs laid and take 6-8 days to hatch
 Has 5 nymphal instars which take 28-35 days
 Adult is a small brown bug
-
DAMAGE AND YIELD LOSS
 Suck sap from dev seed
 Dimpling of seed coat
 Wrinkling and browning of seed coat
 Impaired germination
OBJECTIVES
To determine the bioefficiency of Neem,
Mexican marigold and Sisal juice extracts on the
population of Acanthomia horrida on Pigeon
peas.
 To determine the duration of effects of the
ethnobotanical plants when applied on Pigeon
peas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
PREPARATION OF THE NEEM,MEXICAN MARIGOLD AND SISAL
JUICE



Neem seeds were crushed in a mortar using a pestle.
One litre Propanone or ethanol was added to dissolve
the extract then diluted with water. Sisal leaves were
decorticated using sharp Pangas to remove the juice
extract.
One litre of water was added to the extract. Mexican
marigold leaves and leaves were crushed in a mortar and
pestle and one litre of water was added.
TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

1.
2.
3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
Neem contains
Azadirachtin- Disrupts insects metamorphosis
Salanin- deterrent and antifeeder
Nimbin and Nimbidin- confers bitterness
Salanol- antifeeder
Sisal contains- Sapogenins eg
Sisalagenin
Rockogenin
Hecogenin
•Mexican marigold contains Repellents and
antifeeders.
•All the three extracts of Neem, Sisal and
Mexican marigold were mixed and stirred. Three
litres of the extracts was obtained and stored in a
plastic container. This gives acrude extract.
PESTICIDE APPLICATION PROCEDURE
The extract was sprayed on pigeon peas once
every week using a knapsack sprayer until the
crop was ready for harvesting. The plots were
sprayed as below.
 Treatment 1. Mixture of Neem, sisal and
Mexican marigold.
 Treatment2. Neem alone
 Treatment 3. Sisal juice alone
 Treatment 4. Mexican marigold
 Control –Tap water

Block
Block 2
Block 3
TRT1 TRT3 TRT4 TRT2
TRT2 TRT1 TRT3 TRT4
TRT3 TRT4 TRT2 TRT1
TRT4 TRT2 TRT1 TRT3
Block 4
RESULTS
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Mixture
Neem
Mexican
Sisal
Ctr
DISCUSSION




The above results indicate that ethno botanical plants
have potential in Acanthomia horrida control.
It can be noted that a mixture of neem, sisal juice and
Mexican marigold had the highest mortality. The
individual ethno botanical plants had also a mortality
of over 50%.
The ethno botanical plants were advantageous because
they did not contaminate the product after harvesting.
There were no pesticides residues detected in the
crops.
CONCLUSION

Pigeon peas have the potential of reducing food
shortage in arid and semi arid areas thus should be
popularised due to low water and nutrient
requirements .

Synthetic pesticides are expensive , poisonous and
destroy pollinators and useful bio-control predators
thus botanical pesticides offer sustainable solutions
for the peasant pigeon pea farmers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
NCST- For granting me the opportunity to share
my research findings.
 Kenyatta University- Approving the project
 Prof. Elizabeth Kokwaro- Supervisor
 Audience

THANK YOU