Download - Cantigny

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Cantigny
Needs Your Help!
Cantigny is proud to have so many different types of
trees along the Hiking Trail and they need your help to
name each one. A special map has been made showing
where the trees are located and each tree has a
numbered tag attached to it.
Using the descriptions and pictures of the trees in this guide,
and the special map, list the names of each tree next to
their numbers from the map.
Answer key can be found on the inside back cover.
Tree Name Sheet
1.
11.
2.
12.
3.
13.
4.
14.
5.
15.
6.
16.
7.
17.
8.
18.
9.
19.
10.
20.
20
1
2
3
5
4
7
6
8
9
16
17
19
14
15
18
13
Trees
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Find the trees
with the special
numbered tags.
When you think
you have identified
the tree, write-in
the tree’s name
next to the proper
number on the
Tree Name Sheet.
R
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ENT
Tree School
Before you head out to help identify some of
the trees along Cantigny’s Hiking Trail, let’s
take a minute to learn about the different
types of trees and how they grow.
Anatomy of a Tree
The outer bark is the tree’s protection from
the outside world. Continually renewed from
within, it helps keep out moisture in the rain, and
prevents the tree from losing moisture when the air
is dry. It insulates against cold and heat and wards
off insect enemies.
A
A Cross-Section of the
Inside of a Tree Trunk
BA
E D
The inner bark, or “phloem”, is pipeline
C
B through which food is passed to the rest of the
tree. It lives for only a short time, then dies and turns to cork to become part of
the protective outer bark.
The cambium cell layer is the growing part of the trunk. It annually
produces new bark and new wood in response to hormones that pass
down through the phloem with food from the leaves. These hormones, called
“auxins”, stimulate growth in cells. Auxins are produced by leaf buds at the
ends of branches as soon as they start growing in spring.
C
Sapwood is the tree’s pipeline for water moving up to the leaves.
Sapwood is new wood. As newer rings of sapwood are laid down, inner
cells lose their vitality and turn to heartwood.
D
Heartwood is the central, supporting pillar of the tree. Although dead,
it will not decay or lose strength while the outer layers are intact. A
composite of hollow, needlelike cellulose fibers bound together by a chemical
glue called lignin, it is in many ways as strong as steel. A piece 12” long and
1” by 2” in cross section set vertically can support a weight of twenty tons!
E
Leaves Make Food for the Tree
And this tells us much about their shapes. For example, the narrow needles of a
Douglasfir can expose as much as three acres of chlorophyll surface to the sun.
The lobes, leaflets and jagged edges of many broad leaves have their uses, too.
They help evaporate the water used in food-building, reduce wind resistance — even
provide “drip tips” to shed rain that, left standing, could decay the leaf.
Tree Terms
Branches: These arms of the tree hold the leaves or needles up to receive the sun’s energy.
Cambium Cell: Is the growing part of the tree trunk.
Coniferous: Trees that have small waxy leaves, sometimes needles, which are usually
kept all year.
Deciduous: Trees which shed their leaves or fruit at seasonal intervals.
Gums: The trees sap contains food made by photosynthesis and other minerals and
nutrients. Sticky gums in the sap are used by the tree to protect it from invading
insects and wounds that cut through the bark. People use tree gums for many useful
products, such as adhesives, drying agents in paint and ink, and ingredients in soap
and cough syrup, to name a few.
Leaves or needles: The miracle of photosynthesis takes place here. Air and water come
together with energy from the sun. Food is the end product, which the tree uses to grow
bigger and reproduce. Oxygen is a welcome by-product of the process. Leaves or
needles also help filter pollutants, shelter wildlife and shade the homes of fish and people.
Palmate(ly): Leaves resembling fingers on a hand.
Pinnate(ly): Leaves that resemble feathers.
Roots: Serving as both anchor and sponge, the roots help to stabilize the tree and to
soak up water and nutrients for the tree to use in photosynthesis. Roots also serve as
a storage area for sugars made through photosynthesis, and help hold
precious forest soils in place.
Trunk: The woody trunk is what makes a plant a tree. It holds the
branches and leaves up to the sun. Wood in the trunk is used for
countless wood and paper products that people use every day. Tree
trunks also provide homes for animals.
Whorl(ed): Three or more leaves originating from the same point.
er
Black Ae lNad
me
Common Tre
Alnus Glutinosa
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
a.
Native to Europe and western Asi
nd
Deciduous, simple, dark green, rou
leaves with wavy margins.
Alternate leaf arrangement.
Fruit is a dry egg-shaped cone less
one inch.
than
Can grow 40 to 60 feet tall.
Black Cherry
Common Tree Name
Prunus serotina
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to Canada down through
the eastern
par t of the United States.
Alternate, simple leaf arrangement
.
Leaves are dark green and oval abo
ut two
to five inches long.
Bark on large, adult trees looks like
burnt
potato chips.
Flowers are showy, white and blo
Fruit is small red berry mature in
om in May.
August.
Black Locust
Common Tree Name
Robinia pseudoacacia
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to the central and southeast
ern
United States.
Medium to large deciduous tree.
Leaves are pinnately compound wit
h seven
to nineteen leaflets.
Fruit is a flat pod that dries and turn
s brown
in October.
Bark has heavy rope-like ridges;
stems may
be thorny around buds.
Bur Oak
Common Tree Name
Quercus macrocarpa
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
States.
Native to eastern and central United
be greater
Large deciduous tree; width may
than height at maturity.
.
Simple leaves arranged alternately
to three
Four to ten inches leaves have two
whitish
pairs of rounded lobes that have a
underside.
on the cap.
Fruit is an acorn with burs or hair
y
Bark has ver y deep ridges, and ma
gs.
twi
appear cork-like on smaller
wood
Dawn ReTred
e Name
Common
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
in the mid 1940’s by
Native to China; seeds were collected
to the United States.
back
ght
brou
and
the Arnold Arboretum
A deciduous, coniferous, large tree
cone shape.
with a uniform
sitely
Leaves look like needles and are oppo
Leaves turn reddish bronze before
arranged on stem.
dropping in the fall.
that is blue when
Fruit is a half inch to one inch cone
ure.
young then turns brown when mat
Bark is reddish brown and appears
shredded
Trunk usually flares out wide at base
Douglas Fir
Com
mon Tree Name
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to western North America,
both in
Rocky Mountains and coastal reg
ions.
Large evergreen, coniferous tree
with a
cone shape.
Leaves are evergreen needles one
to one and
a half inches arranged spirally on
the branch.
Base of needle is angled like a hoc
key stick.
Three to four inch cones have thre
e pointed
scale extending from between sca
les.
Downy Hawthorn
Common Tree Name
Crataegus mollis
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to Canada down through
the
Dakotas and Virginia.
Deciduous tree with simple, alterna
te leaves.
Leaves are oval, have serrations on
the
margin, and turn bronze-red in the
fall.
White flowers bloom in May.
Fruit is a red berry that matures in late
August.
Bark is grayish brown with two inc
h thorns
along branches.
edbud
Easternn TreR
e Name
Commo
Cercis canadensis
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
ral United States, from
Native to the southeastern and cent
New Jersey south.
d to flat top shape.
Small deciduous tree with a roun
Main trunk is shor t, dividing into
close to the ground.
several large branches
es are wide and heart
Simple, alternately arranged leav
shaped.
ear before leaves in spring.
Numerous small pink flowers app
changes from green to
Fruit is a flattened bean pod that
dark brown in October.
scaly on older branches.
Bark is brown or reddish brown and
Green NaAmesh
Common Tree
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to eastern United States.
Medium to large deciduous tree.
nd with
Leaves are opposite and compou
five to nine leaflets.
Yellow fall color.
brown as
Fruit is paddle shaped and turns
it matures.
mond
Grooves in bark form a sor t of dia
pattern.
Honey Locust
Common Tree Name
Gleditsia triacanthos
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to par ts of the central Untied
Medium to large deciduous tree wit
h
alternate leaf arrangement.
States.
Six to eight inch leaves are compou
nd with
many small leaflets and bright gre
en.
Fruit is seven to eighteen inches lon
g twisted,
flattened pods that change from gre
en to
dark brown as they mature.
Gray-brown bark develops smoot
h plate-like
patches separated by deep wrinkl
es.
Horsechestnut
Common Tree Name
Aesculus hippocastanum
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to Greece and Albania.
Large deciduous flowering tree.
Lower branches hang down with
branch tips
turning upward.
Opposite and palmately compound
with
huge leaflets being four to ten inc
hes long.
Showy flowers bloom through Ma
y.
Fruit is contained in a ver y spiny
husk that
matures September and October.
Most of the bark is dark gray and
brown.
ffee Tree
KentuckymoCo
n Tree Name
Com
Gymnocladus dioicus
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
ted States.
Native to the eastern and central Uni
Large deciduous tree.
innately
Alternately arranged leaves are bip
compound.
two
Leaves are up to three feet long and
feet wide.
wn pod
Fruit is a chunky, dark reddish bro
that can be five to ten inches long.
Gray bark is rough and fissured.
NorthernnTreeCNaametalpa
Commo
Catalpa speciosa
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
tes.
Native to the midwest United Sta
Medium sized deciduous tree.
orled at
Leaves are opposite but appear wh
stem tip.
rt shaped.
Six to twelve inch leaves are hea
e.
Large white flowers bloom in Jun
t can be
Fruit is a long bean-like capsule tha
up to twenty inches long.
color.
Ridged bark is grayish brown in
Norway Spruce
Common Tree Name
Picea abies
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to nor thern and central Eur
ope.
Large evergreen conifer.
Branches sweep out and up but bra
nchlets
with needles hang down.
Needles tend to point downward
s and
towards the stem tip.
Cones are found at ends of branch
es; four to
six inches long.
Pin Oak
Common Tree Name
Quercus palustris
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to nor theastern and nor th-c
entral U.S.
Large deciduous tree with gumdro
p shape when older.
Unique branching pattern; lower
branches hanging,
middle branches horizontal, upper
branches upright
and spreading.
Alternate, simple leaves have sha
rply pointed lobes.
Leaves have five to seven lobes, eac
h with terminal
bristles.
Produces small acorns (half to thre
e quarter inch).
Gray-brown bark is mostly smooth
or has shallow ridges.
abapple
Prairie Fimoren TreCr
e Name
Com
Malus spp.
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to Asia.
Small deciduous tree.
Simple, alternate leaves are oval
shaped.
t pink/
Five petaled flowers are fluorescen
red and bloom April to early May.
s.
Fruit are red berries held in cluster
ly.
Gray-brown bark is shiny and sca
kory
ShagbamornkTreeHNaic
me
Com
Carya ovata
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to Quebec and southwest
to Texas.
Large deciduous tree with a very
straight trunk.
pound with five or
Alternate leaves are pinnately com
seven leaflets per leaf.
Leaflets can be four to six inches
leaflet being the longest.
long with the end
base when
Fruit is a rounded nut that splits at
mature.
” into
Old bark is gray-brown and “shags
large plates.
Sugar Maple
Common Tree Name
Acer saccharum
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to nor theastern and nor th-c
entral
United States, adjacent par ts of Can
ada.
Large deciduous tree.
Leaves are simple and opposite wit
h five
lobes per leaf.
Fruit is the “helicopter” that form
a
horseshoe shape when in pairs.
Bark is smooth gray-brown when
young
and develops thick ridges with
age.
Weeping Willow
Common Tree Name
Salix alba
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
Native to central and southern Eur
ope.
Large deciduous tree.
Leaves are simple, alternate, and
serrated
along the edge.
Leaves are on ver y flexible yellow
stems that
hang down from the larger branch
es.
Bark is yellowish and ridged.
k
White Oa
me
Common Tree Na
Quercus alba
Botanical Name
Fun Facts and Description
.
Native to eastern and central U.S
may be
Large deciduous tree whose width
equal or greater than height.
and
Four to eight inch leaves are simple
alternate.
lobes.
Leaves have five to nine rounded
g and in
Acorns can be up to one inch lon
pairs or single.
ey.
Bark is white or light gray and flak
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Alternate
Cantigny
Bass
Carp
Bluegill
Catfish
Bur Oak
Chlorophyll
Cambium Cell Compound
Camping
Coniferous
Cork
Deciduous
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Heartwood
Hiking
Inner Bark
Leaflets
Lignin
Lobes
McCormick
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Outer Bark
Phloem
Roots
Sapwood
Simple
Sun
Trail
Recycling:
It starts with you!
Step 4.
The pulp is washed, refined
and cleaned, then turned to
slush with a beater. Because
there is a limit to the number
of times paper fibers can
be recycled before they
become weakened, new
wood fiber is often mixed
with recycled paper to
make new paper products.
Why is recycling so important? Can tossing
your used paper in a recycling bin instead of
the garbage really make much difference?
The answer is yes. Recycled paper supplies
more than 37 percent of the raw material
used to make new paper products. Recycling
paper also helps our community by diverting
it from landfills. So, every bit of paper
used for recycling helps improve tomorrow’s
environment today.
How does paper
recycling work?
Step 1.
After collection,
recovered
paper is
transported
to a recycling
center or
Material
Recovery Facility
(MRF), where contaminants such as plastics, glass,
aluminum, paper clips and staples are removed.
Step 5.
Dyes, coatings and other
additives are mixed into the pulp
slush to refine it, and then the mixture is pumped
onto a large moving screen.
Step 6.
As the pulp moves down the screen, water drains
away and leaves behind a paper sheet also known
as “web.” Giant rollers squeeze out still more water
to ensure that the paper is uniformly smooth and
thick. Finally, heated rollers evaporate any water
remaining in the paper.
Step 7.
The finished paper is wound into large rolls, which
can be up to 30 feet wide and weigh close
to 25 tons. Now the new paper is ready
for use in your school or community.
Step 2.
Once the recovered paper is free of contaminants,
it is then baled and transported to a paper mill where
the recycling and paper making process begins.
Step 3.
Recovered paper is shredded and mixed with
water to make a pulp. Printed papers, such as
newspapers and magazines, are de-inked
in a flotation device that helps
the ink separate from the
pulp. Air bubbles are blown
into the mixture, and the
ink attaches to the bubbles
and rises to the top, where
it is skimmed off, leaving the
pulp ink-free.
Recycle!
Answers: 1.Black Locust, 2. Horsechestnut, 3. Weeping Willow, 4. Green Ash, 5. Pin Oak, 6. White Oak, 7. Prairie Crabapple, 8. Downy
Hawthorne, 9. Eastern Redbud, 10. Burr Oak, 11. Black Cherry, 12. Shagbark Hickory, 13. Black Alder, 14. Kentucky Coffee Tree, 15. Dawn
Redwood, 16. Northern Catalpa, 17. Douglas Fir, 18. Honey Locust, 19. Sugar Maple, 20. Norway Spruce
ES
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1S151 Winfield Road • Wheaton, Illinois 60187
(630) 668-5161 Fax (630) 668-5332
www.cantigny.org