Download Print this article

Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Volume 3, No 3/2014
ISSN 2305-915X(p); 2307-9584(e)
Work on behalf of Native Forest Conservation
in the Settlements Pacas and Paraná, Murici
and Girau Do Ponciano Municipalities, State of
Alagoas, Northeastern Brazil
José Crisólogo de Sales Silva1*, Saulo Verçosa Nicácio2, Adriano Medeiros Alves da Silva3
1
Professor, Department of Animal Science, State University of Alagoas, BRAZIL
Biologist, Biological Department, Institute Naturagro, BRAZIL
Zootechnist, Department of Animal Science, Institute Naturagro, BRAZIL
2
3
ARTICLE INFO
Received: Aug 27, 2014
Accepted: Sep 11, 2014
Published: Sep 18, 2014
*Corresponding Contact
Email: [email protected]
Cell Phone: +5582 96042433
Prefix 10.18034
ABSTRACT
In the construction of Agrarian Reform in Brazil, or even work for the
growing of crops in favor of sugar cane to produce ethanol and sugar,
several areas were deforested, requiring much effort and mobilization by
NGOs and universities to political able to preserve areas of greatest
importance to the conservation of regional biodiversity. This repair work
and environmental education of the Agrarian Reform Settlements Pacas
and Paraná, Muriciand Girau do Ponciano municipalities in Alagoas
State, northeastern Brazil, aimed to promote the conservation of 300
hectares of native tropical forest (moist rainforest) as from the
permanent reserve environmental education, participatory forestry,
production of seedlings for the project dissemination and expansion of
endemic species and of major importance in fighting the extinction of
species of flora and fauna.
Key words: Preservation, Forest, Brazil
Source of Support: Nil, No Conflict of Interest: Declared
How to Cite: Silva JCS, Nicácio SV and Silva AMA. 2014. Work on behalf of Native Forest Conservation in the
Settlements Pacas and Paraná, Murici and Girau Do Ponciano Municipalities, State of Alagoas, Northeastern
Brazil Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 3, 295-300.
This article is is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon work non-commercially, and
although the new works must also acknowledge & be non-commercial.
INTRODUCTION
Environmental legislation provides that all rural property must set aside part of its area
with vegetation cover, which is called Legal Forest Reserve (LFR) or simply Legal Reserve
(LR). The Legal Reserve has an important environmental role, the contribution of
biodiversity conservation and maintenance of ecological balance. And as these areas of use
Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2014, Asian Business Consortium | AJASE
Page 295
Silva etal: Work on behalf of Native Forest Conservation in the Settlements Pacas and Paraná, Murici and Girau Do Ponciano ………………..……. (295-300)
are plausible, since the practice is not clear-cut, also play a role in the provision of
economic goods in a sustainable manner (Campos et al., 2002).
Known in Provisional Measure No. 2.166-67, of August 24, 2001, which amended the
Forest Code, defined the legal reserve as an area located within a rural property or
possession, with the exception of the area of permanent preservation, necessary
sustainable use of natural resources, conservation and rehabilitation of ecological
processes, biodiversity conservation and protection of housing and native flora and fauna.
Also according to the Forest Code (Brazilian Federal Law 4.771/65) and the Provisional
Measure No. 2166-67, it is mandatory that all farm part of their land intended for the
implementation of the Legal Reserve, whose percentage varies according to region of
Brazil, in the Amazon, 80% of the property must be kept with the original vegetation when
under the control of forest and 35% when the Cerrado biome is dominant. For the other
regions of Brazil, a minimum of 20% of the property should be the legal reserve.
The reality is quite different from that required by law when a diagnosis is made by Brazil, it is
rare that the farms that have legal reserves, and even harder to find is a rural unit that has its
registered reservations on a registered property. We can say that one of the factors contributing
to this situation is the lack of ecological and economic models that can serve as principles for
action to create legal reserves, in the form which calls the Law (Delalibera et al., 2008).
Even though its environmental importance and economic potential of knowledge are
broad sectors of society, the fact is that there are cultural barriers, regulatory,technical and
economical for such legal requirements are met by farmers. In the case of small family
producers, this problem is getting worse, due to the limited availability of area for
cultivation and survival of the family (RamosFilho&Francisco, 2004).
Perhaps this is because the forest tradition is not part of human culture and small fragments,
these farms in areas such as Legal Reserves and Permanent Preservation, are seen as
"unproductive," a real obstacle to the maximization of land use (Cullen Jr. et al., 2003). Also,
these communities have difficulty understanding the complex mechanisms and biological
benefits resulting from the practice agroforestry. Therefore, the economic and social
considerations, and more easily understood, must always be exalted (Bertalot et al., 2000).
Prevent and reverse the destruction of natural resources implies, therefore, to adopt
agricultural practices and economical solutions to enable producers to improve their living
conditions, while that preserve or recover the remaining forests.
With the implementation of an integrated planning, the areas for economic development
are characterized in order to meet the region's ecosystems. Environmental planning ends
up becoming thus an essential tool for reconciling economic growth and exploitation of
natural resources (Tornero, 2000). Based on these paradigms, the study aims to improve
the quality of life by improving the environment through the rehabilitation of the areas of
Legal Reserve, involving the community in the settlement. Also contribute as a strong
educational element that permeates all activities of the project seeks to offer a real chance
of sustainability and environmental conservation.
METHODOLOGY
The study takes place in two different environments: 1 - Zone of the Atlantic north of
Alagoas that is located in the municipality Murici. 2 - Zone of the Wasteland of Alagoas
(Zone climate transition, zone between the rainforest and semi-arid region) where is
located in the municipality Giraudo Ponciano.
Page 296
Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2014, Asian Business Consortium | AJASE
Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Volume 3, No 3/2014
ISSN 2305-915X(p); 2307-9584(e)
Figure 01-Map of Brazilwith the variousfederal states, 2011.
Figure 02- Map of the route between the cities ofthe study, Maceió (A – capital of Alagoas
state), Murici (B - North Atlantic Tropical Forest region) and the Girau do Ponciano (C transition region between Atlantic Tropical Forest and semi-arid region), Brazil, 2011.
The study is on three main pillars: development of environmental education with the
completion of two seminars to discuss the issues of environmental preservation and a
seminar in Murici and another in the Girau do Ponciano.
Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2014, Asian Business Consortium | AJASE
Page 297
Silva etal: Work on behalf of Native Forest Conservation in the Settlements Pacas and Paraná, Murici and Girau Do Ponciano ………………..……. (295-300)
Environmental education has been developed primarily from visits to two control centers
of the federal forests of Brazil, courses of basic information for environmental
preservation, study of environmental laws; study how to produce forest tree seedlings for
08 youth and 04 adults the two study sites. Over 150 farmers received training seminars.
In each area was built a small nursery seedling production, where young people perfect
practiceto produce seedlings for replanting and donations. These young people are ready
to produce seedlings for two years, so that when the end of the study, people are able to
produce seedlings of native plants, continuing the work.
Simultaneously with the reforestation of degraded areas, is there another project with
support from Petrobras of Brazil, where there was the deployment of Beekeeping with
distribution of 60 supers and equipment for production of honey and propolis and trained
15 producers of each settlement, adding 30 farmers. The beekeeping project has the
possibility of expansion in accordance with the involvement of producers.
RESULTS
The Recovery Project Areas of Conservation was executed in the settlements Pacas (Murici,
AL) and Paraná (Girau do Ponciano), through production and distribution of seedlings of
native species from seed collected in forest fragments native of different regions where they are
located native plants nurseries, environmental education seminars and courses.
So far 8.466 seedlings were produced, above the set, which were available for planting in
areas of permanent preservation and legal reserve, as provided in the project. Subsequent
frames correlate to species and their respective quantities produced in the nurseries of the
Environmental Restoration project. In Table 1 shows the seedlings of native species
accompanied by thecommonnames and the quantity produced of each species and planted
in degraded areas, deforested or distributed to farmers who voluntarily grow, increasing
the effective number of productive trees in your area.
TABLE 1-Native Seedlings produced (Recovery Project Environmental Settlement Pacas), 2011.
Native Species
Common name
Production
Inga flagelliformis
Ingá
350
Tabebuia serratifolia
Ipê Amarelo
40
Tabebuia heptaphylla
Ipê roxo
140
Hymenaea courbaril
Jatobá
30
Tamarindus indica L
Tamarindo
250
Salix alba L.
Salgueiro
720
Chorisia speciosa
Paineira
80
Cassia ferruginea
Cássia Ferrugina
470
Bowdichia virgilioides
Sucupira Preta
90
Copaifera sp
Cupiúba
210
Syzygium cumini
Brinco de viúva
45
Laurus nobilis
Louro
35
Total
2,460
Soure: InstituteNaturagro/Uneal
Were producedcopies oftheexoticrainforestplants, twoof themcoming fromother Brazilian
biomesandMimosacaesalpineafolia, Bauhiniaforficataand alsoaspecies verycommon in
BrazilAzadirachta indicaalready adaptedto the tropical climateof Brazil,as shownin Table2.
Page 298
Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2014, Asian Business Consortium | AJASE
Asian Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, Volume 3, No 3/2014
ISSN 2305-915X(p); 2307-9584(e)
TABLE2-ExoticSeedlingsproduced (Recovery Project Environmental Settlement Pacas)
Exotic Species
Common name
production
Azadirachta indica
Neem
236
Mimosa caesalpineafolia
Sabiá
800
Bauhinia forficata
Pata de Vaca
240
Total
1,276
Source: InstituteNaturagro/Uneal
Among the project in the propagated plants were also recovered several fruit
species,among which are the species most commonly consumed by the Brazilian north
east region of Brazil, with some important speciesfor export, though not theobjective of
this work. In Table 3are the fruit species used for reforestationas the essence, the common
names used in the regionand the number of introduced species.
TABLE3-Fruit Seedlings produced (Recovery Project Environmental Settlement Pacas), 2011
Fruit species
Common name
Production
Annona muricata
Graviola
50
Genipa infundibuliformis
Genipapo
65
Anacardium occidentale
Caju
230
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Jaca
10
Mangifera indica L
Manga
10
Total
365
Source: InstituteNaturagro/Uneal
Settlement in Paraná in the Giraudo Ponciano, Alagoas, Brazil, were produced
until2011atotal of 2,835 seedlings of native plants, as can be seen from Table 4, the
scientific names and quantities of common tree species.
TABLE4-Native Seedlings produced (Environmental Recovery Project, Paraná Settlement)
NativeSpecies
Common name
Production
Anadenanthera macrocarpa
Angico
360
Tabebuia serratifolia
Ipê Amarelo
40
CrataegusOxyacantha
Espinheiro
550
Bauhinia forficata
Mororó
550
CrataevaTapia
Trapiá
65
Erythrinamulungu
Mulungu
150
Astronium graveolens
Pau-ferro
200
Euphorbiamillii
Espinho torco
50
Ceiba speciosa
Barriguda
90
Caesalpiniapyramidalis
Catingueira
25
Ziziphus joazeiro
juazeiro
30
Maytenusrigida
Bomnome
60
Centaureatweediei
Espinho de cruz
10
Peltophorumdubium
Canafistula
100
Mimosa hostilis
Jurema preta
205
Anadenthera colubrina
Angico bengala
350
Total
2,835
Source: InstituteNaturagro/Uneal
Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2014, Asian Business Consortium | AJASE
Page 299
Silva etal: Work on behalf of Native Forest Conservation in the Settlements Pacas and Paraná, Murici and Girau Do Ponciano ………………..……. (295-300)
In the Settlement Paranáwere producedseedlings oftreesfrom other regionsof Brazil,who
are
alreadyadapted
tothe
regionsuch
as:Clitoriaracemosa,Mimosacaesalpineafolia
andAzadirachta indica. Thusthe number of speciesavailablefor reforestationwas much
higher thanthe native speciesfound in the region, even in quantity. With the development
ofotherforestspecies growsfrom seedin the soil, broughtby wind oranimals.
TABLE 5-Exotic Seedlings produced (Recovery Project Environmental Settlement Paraná)
Exoticspecies
Common name
Production
Clitorea racemosa
Sombreiro
350
Mimosa caesalpineafolia
Sabiá
960
Azadirachta indica
acácia
220
Total
1,530
Soure: InstituteNaturagro/Uneal
CONCLUSION
The environmental recovery was possible from the integration of environmental
education, production and distribution of seedlings and deployment of beekeeping as a
source of income, such as partnerships within situations of Rural Extension, government,
university, business and local human capital.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Oursincere thanks to Naturagro Institute, State University of Alagoas -Uneal, the National
Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform -INCRA, Oil of Brazil -Petrobras and
Farmers Settlements Pacas and Paraná.
REFERENCES
Bertalot, M. J.A., E. Mendonza, I. A. Guerrini, 2000. Regeneração da paisagem, estabelecimento e
manejo de sistemas agroflorestais. In: ENCONTRO FLORESTAS NATIVAS E SISTEMAS
AGROFLORESTAIS: MÉTODOS DE RECUPERAÇÃO E MANEJO, 5., 2000, Botucatu. Minicurso... Apostila. Botucatu: IBD. 10.
Campos, J. B.; L. V Costa Filho, M. M. Nardine, 2002. Recuperação da reserva legal e a conservação
da biodiversidade. Cadernos de Biodiversidade, 3, n.1, 1-3.
Cullen Jr, L. et al., 2003.Trampolins ecológicos e zonas de benefício múltiplo: ferramentas
agroflorestais para a conservação de paisagens rurais fragmentadas na Floresta Atlântica
Brasileira. Revista Natureza & Conservação, 1, n.1, 37-46.
Delalibera, H. C.; P. H. Weirich Neto, A. R. C. Lopes, C. H. Rocha, 2008. Alocação de reserva legal em
propriedades rurais: do cartesiano ao holístico. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e
Ambiental, 12, n.3, 286-292.
Ramos-Filho, L. O.,C.E.S. Francisco, 2004. Legislação florestal, sistemas agroflorestais e
assentamentos rurais em São Paulo: restrições ou oportunidades? In: CONGRESSO
BRASILEIRO DE SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS, 5, 2005, Curitiba. Anais... Colombo:
Embrapa.211-213.
Rodrigues, E. R. et AL.,2007. Avaliação econômica de sistemas agroflorestais implantados para
recuperação de reserva legal no Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo. Rev. Árvore, Viçosa, 31, n.5.
Tornero, M. T.,2000. Análise ambiental através de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), como
subsídio ao planejamento do município de Maringá, PR. Botucatu: UNESP. 184.DoctoralThesis.
--0--
Page 300
Copyright © CC-BY-NC 2014, Asian Business Consortium | AJASE