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UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK DAN ELEKTRONIK
Aplikasi Pangkalan Data..
Pangkalan Data Multimedia
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Objektif Pangkalan Data Multimedia
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Memahami ciri-ciri data multimedia dan
penggunaannya dalam sistem komputer
Anda akan:
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Mengetahui untuk mengenalpasti ciri-ciri data
multimedia.
Mengetahui bagaimana untuk menilai kesukaran
untuk mengaplikasikan ciri-ciri data multimedia dalam
pangkalan data tradisional.
Memudahkan proses mengenalpasti masalah
keperluan pengguna dalam pangkalan data
multimedia.
Nature of Multimedia data
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Images: colour, b/w, photos, maps, paintings
Graphic objects: drawings, sketches, 3-D
objects
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Animations: sequences of images or graphic
objects
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Video: sequences of images generated by a
video recorder
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Audio:generated by sound recorder
Composite Multimedia: video + audio + text
annotation
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Jenis Data
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Semua data disimpan di dalam bentuk binari
dan disimpan sebagai fail.
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Dalam bahasa mesin (machine language) fail
binari mengandungi kod 0 dan 1.
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Kod 0 dan 1 akan menentukan jenis data
yang disimpan.
Jenis Data
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Jenis data termasuk:
‰ dokumen
‰ imej
‰ audio
‰ Video
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Jenis data merujuk kepada bagaimana data
disimpan dalam pangkalan data.
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Query and Retrieval
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Multimedia data tidak mudah untuk
dikelaskan, diindeks dan dicapai
Multimedia database queries can be
classified according to the query method.
Three most used methods are:
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use of keywords,
visual browsing (with links),
content-based.
Aplikasi
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Documentation and keeping Records
Knowledge distribution
Education and Training
Marketing, Advertisement, Entertainment,
Travel
Real-time Control, Monitoring
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Pangkalan Data
Berorientasikan Objek
Trends
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Definition
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Object-oriented database – Pangkalan data
yang dibangunkan dengan mengaplikasikan
paradigma berorientasikan objek.
Setiap entiti data akan disimpan sebagai satu
objek.
Hubungan pangkalan data ditunjukkan
melalui hubungan antara objek.
Object-Oriented Concepts
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Abstraction
Process of identifying the essential aspects of
an entity and ignoring the unimportant
properties.
Encapsulation
An object contains both the data structure
and the set of operations that can be used to
manipulate it.
Information Hiding
Separate the external aspects of an object
from its internal details.
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Object-Oriented Concepts (1)
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Object
A unique identifiable entity that contains both
the attributes that describe the state of a ‘real
world’ object and the actions that are
associated with it.
Method
Object encapsulates both data and functions
into self-contained package. A function are
usually called method.
Object-Oriented Concepts (2)
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Class
An instance of object
Inheritance
Allows one class to be defined as a special case
of a more general class
Overiding and Overloading
Overiding Define the property in the subclass is
the one used.
Overloading allows the name of method to be
reused within a class definition or across class
definition.
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Object-Oriented Concepts (3)
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Polymorphism
Polymorphism is a general concepts of
overloading. There are three types of
polymorphism: operation, inclusion and
parametric
Object Oriented Concepts
Person
Name
Age
Sex
Initialize()
Add()
Modify()
Employee
Student
StudentNo
Course
Name
Age
Sex
EmployeeNo
Salary
ChangeCourse()
Initialize()
Add()
Modify()
ComputeSalary()
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The Unified Modeling Language
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A language for
specifying, visualizing,
and constructing the
artifacts of software
systems.
UML notation is useful
for graphically depicting
an object-oriented
analysis or design
model.
Contoh OODBMS
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ObjectStore PSE( Persistent Storage Engine)
‰ Menyediakan platform untuk program dalam
JAVA
‰ Membina struktur navigasi (Navigational
Structure) dalam pangkalan data
‰ Memerlukan semua objek Persistent dalam
JAVA
‰ ObjectStore adalah pangkalan data
berorientasikan objek sepenuhnya
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Produk
Commercial
„ FastObjects (formerly
Poet)
„ GemStone
„ Versant
„ Ontos
„ Objectivity/DB
Open Source
„ Ozone
„ XL2
„ FramerD
„ Zope
Academic
„ ObjectStore
Pangkalan Data Teragih
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Pengenalan
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Pangkalan data teragih terdiri daripada
sekumpulan node atau tempat-setiap satu
mewakili satu komputer dan peranti storan
masing-masing.
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Pasangan node mungkin ada ‘link’ atau
sambungan untuk hantar data dalam dua arah
Apakah yang dimaksudkan
dengan teragih?
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Pemprosesan Logik
Fungsi
Kawalan
Data
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Persekitaran Teragih
Jenis Pangkalan Data Teragih
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Homogeneous: Every site runs same
type of DBMS.
Heterogeneous: Different sites run
different DBMSs (different RDBMSs or
even nonrelational DBMSs).
Client-Server: Client ship query to the
server. All query processing at server
Collaborating-Server: Query can span
multiple sites
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Homogeneous Database
Heterogeneous Database
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COMPONENTS OF A DDBMS
Site 1
DDBMS
DC
LDBMS
GSC
DB
Computer
Network
GSC
DDBMS
DC
Site 2
LDBMS = Local DBMS
DC = Data Communications
GSC = Global Systems Catalog
DDBMS = Distributed DBMS
Chris Date rules of DDBMS
A distributed system looks exactly like
a non-distributed system to the user!
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Local autonomy
No reliance on a central site
Continuous operation
Location independence
Fragmentation independence
Replication independence
Distributed query independence
Distributed transaction processing
Hardware independence
Operating system independence
Network independence
Database independence
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Pangkalan Data atas Web
What is WWW?
The total set of interlinked hypertext
documents residing on special
servers called Web Server or HTTP
Server.
The Web servers are configured to
make the information they hold easily
accessible to each other and to allow
files to be accessed, transferred, and
downloaded.
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What are web database?
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Easy access to information
Dynamic content
Efficient data collection and modification
Conduits to legacy systems
Benefits of Internet Technology
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Hardware & software independence
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Cost savings
Uses existing equipment
Platform independence and portability
No need for multiple platform development
Common simple user interface
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Reduced training
Reduced support
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Benefits of Internet Technology
(con’t)
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Location Independence
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Global access through Internet
Reduced costs for dedicated connections
Rapid development at manageable costs
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Development tools
Low entry costs
Available software & access tools
Web-to-Database Middleware
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Web Server Interfaces
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Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
A Specification for transfering information
between a Web Server and a CGI program
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Uses script files to connect to database
Perl, C++, VB
Application Programming Interface (API)
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Newer and more efficient
Uses DLLs (Dynamic Linked Library)
Memory resident and faster
Well known APIs
„ Netscape (NSAPI)
„ Internet Server API from Microsoft (ISAPI)
„ WebSite API from O’Reilly (WSAPI)
Web Server
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A specialized software that responds to client
requests by providing resources (Deitel,
2002)
Examples of Web Server
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Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) [Microsoft]
Apache [Apache Software Foundation]
Apache Tomcat [Apache Software Foundation]
Site Server
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There are thousands of web server!
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Databases with Web Capabilities
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Microsoft Access XP/2003
Claris FileMaker Pro 4.0
SQL Server
Oracle
•simplicity
•low cost
•familiarity with product
•compatibility
HTML Editors with Database Tools
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NetObjects Fusion 3.0
Microsoft FrontPage XP*
Allaire HomeSite 3.01
Macromedia Dreamweaver MX*
Visual Interdev (Package with Visual Studio)*
•integration with workflow
•low cost
•entry-point for more sophisticated
approaches
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Web Scripting Language
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Client Side
Script interpreted by the Web Browser
Does have a limitations, such as browser
dependency, scripts are viewable
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Javascript (Netscape)
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VBScript (Microsoft)
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Microsoft proprietary interpreted scripting language whose goals
and operation are virtually identical to those of Javascript/Jscript. It
has syntax more like Visual Basic.
Jscript (Microsoft)
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Is an object based scripting language that has its root in a joint
development program between Nestcape and Sun and has become
Netscape’s Web Scripting Language
Microsoft’s Jscript is a clone of the earlier and widely used
Javascript.
Server Side
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Active Server Pages (ASP) [*.asp] (Microsoft)
Active Server Pages .NET (ASP.NET) [*.aspx]
(Microsoft)
Hypertext Pre-processor (PHP) [*.php] (Open
Source)
Java Server Pages (JSP) [*.jsp] (Sun
Microsystem)
Cold Fusion [*.cfm] (Macromedia)
Perl [*.pl] (Open Source)
Python [*.py] (Open Source)
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Other Database Applications?
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Intelligent Database?
Active Databases?
Fuzzy Database?
Inductive / Deductive Databases?
Spatial Databases?
Temporal Databases?
Real-time Databases
Data Mining?
Many more…
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