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SPIVEY HALL EDUCATION INDIA: SITAR & TABLA WORLD MUSIC FESTIVAL ABOUT THE ARTIST: Ustad Shafaat Khan, world-renowned Indian Classical musician, son of Ustad Imrat Khan and nephew of Ustad Vilayat Khan, has enthralled audiences worldwide at many prestigious Concert Halls, Music Festivals and Universities all over India, America, Europe, China, Russia and Japan. Recently, he performed with Stevie Wonder at one of the biggest festivals in the USA, The Bonnaroo Festival. In the past, he’s shared a television concert with Ray Charles in Germany. In addition, some of his CDs have been produced by the famous Dr. Deepak Chopra. His unique concert presentation includes Indian classical/folk music on Sitar, Tabla and Vocal with Sufi inspired compositions and a multicultural fusion of Eastern and Western music. VOCABULARY: Melody: a pleasing series of musical notes that form the main part of a song or piece of music Rhythm: as the pattern or placement of sounds in time and beats in music Scale: a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme Harmony: when two or more complimentary notes are played or sung at the same time Solfège: a method of teaching pitch and sight reading Ragas: meaning ‘colors’ are scales and melodies that provide the foundation for Indian classical music Swaras: the twelve notes and semitones that are a basic component of Indian classical music Tala: the cycle of beats that is a basic component of Indian classical music ABOUT THE MUSIC Melody and rhythm are the common grounds for music, be it Western or Indian. Indian music is essentially monophonic (single melody format) while Western music can be polyphonic (multiple notes played or sung in harmonized unison), monophonic or a combination of both. Western classical music is based upon the equal tempered scale, and rests upon melody, harmony and counterpart while Swara and Tala are the two basic components of Indian classical music. SPIVEY HALL EDUCATION INDIA: SITAR & TABLA WORLD MUSIC FESTIVAL Swaras are the twelve notes and the intervening semitones, while a Tala is a cycle of beats. Indian classical music is based on the ragas ("colors"), which are scales and melodies that provide the foundation for a performance. Unlike western classical music, Indian classical music allows for a much greater degree of "personalization" of the performance, almost to the level of jazz-like improvisation. Thus, each performance of a raga is different. The goal of the raga is to create a trance-like state, to broadcast a mood of ecstasy. The main difference with western classical music is that the Indian ragas are not "composed" by a composer, but were created over the centuries. Thus they do not represent mind of the composer but a universal idea of the world. The main instrument of the ragas is the sitar. Each Raga has its own scale consisting of minimum five and maximum seven notes (swaras). In India, there are stories and legends about various musicians. One of the more famous ones is Tansen. Stories say that when Tansen sang, he could light lamps with his music. More About Swaras SWARAS Have you ever heard of Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do? Perhaps you’ve heard Julie Andrews sing Do Re Mi in The Sound of Music? In western music this is called solfège. It’s a way of teaching sight reading and pitch with syllables and sounds. The Indian solfège is called Swaras. English Solfege: Do Re Mi Fa So La Ti Do Indian Swaras: Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R5Lnay3nIk0 ) SITAR The instrument’s name is derived from the Persian ‘setar’, or threestringed. It belongs to the lute family and is made from a seasoned gourd, which acts as a resonating chamber, and teakwood. There are six or seven main strings and from eleven to nineteen sympathetic strings, the two sets being carried on separate bridges. Twenty frets made of brass and tied to the long hollow neck with string can easily be moved in order to conform to the scale of a particular raga. The main strings, which are tuned, are plucked with a mizrab, plectrum, worn on the index finger of the right hand. Sitars are of varying sizes, and some have an extra gourd at the end of the neck. The most popular SPIVEY HALL EDUCATION INDIA: SITAR & TABLA WORLD MUSIC FESTIVAL stringed instrument among Hindustani musicians, the sitar is also the best known Indian instrument abroad. TABLA The full name of this instrument is tabla-bayan and it consists of two drums the tabla being the right hand drum and the bayan, also known as the dugga, the left. Both drum heads are made of goatskin with a paste of iron fillings and flour in the center, but the body of the bayan, the bass drum is metal, and that of the tabla being wood. The tabla is usually tuned by knocking the blocks, which are held by braces on the sides of the instrument, into place. First used in India during the Muslim period, the tabla is today the most popular of all the many kinds of drums in north India. http://www.ishafoundation.org/indian-classical-music-science-significance.isa http://www.itcsra.org/sra_faq_index.html http://www.scaruffi.com/history/indian.html CRAFT: SHOEBOX SITAR Things You'll Need Shoe box Pencil Scissors Glue 5 rubber bands Paper towel roll Instructions Find a shoe box to use and make sure it is empty. Take the top off the box and draw a long oval on the front, making the oval go to about 1 inch from each of the four edges. SPIVEY HALL EDUCATION INDIA: SITAR & TABLA WORLD MUSIC FESTIVAL Cut the oval out of the box top. Place a line of glue around the inner edge of the box top and place it onto the box. Lay the box down on a table until the glue dries. Wrap five rubber bands around the box to make the strings of the sitar. Make sure each rubber band sits over a portion of the opening made from the cut-out oval. Place a line of glue around one end of an empty paper towel roll and place it at the top of the shoe box to make the handle of the sitar. Hold it in place until the glue dries. Tips: Paint the shoe box before putting the rubber bands on to add flair. http://www.ehow.com/how_8706259_diy-homemade-sitar.html