Download The Reproductive System

The Reproductive
System
SHANDONG UNIVERSITY
Liu Zhiyu
The Reproductive System
Composition

Internal genital organ
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Gonads (sex glands)
－manufacture the sex cells an secrete the sex
hormones.
Genital ducts
－
transport the sex cells from the site of production
into site fertilization
Accessory glands
－secrete the fluid
External genital organ
Male Reprodutive
System
Male Reproductive System
Male internal genital organs
 Gonad –testis
 Genital ducts
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Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Male urethra
Accessory glands
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Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland
Male external genital organs
 Scrotum
 Penis
Male internal genital organs
Gonad – testis
General features

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Paired, smooth, ovoid male reproductive
organ, slightly flattened anteroposteriorly
Located in scrotum
Produces sperm and secretes androgens
Gonad – testis
Structures of testis

Tunica albuginea : a tough fibrous coat
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Septula testis : numerous fibrous into
the gland
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Lobules of testis : contain the contorted
seminiferous tubules

Striaght seminiferous tubules
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Rete testis
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Efferent ductules of testis open into the
head of the epididymis
Testis
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
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Comma-shaped, with head,
body and tail of epididymis
Located on superior extremity
and posterolateral aspect of
testis
Contains tortuous canal that
extends from testis to ductus
deferens in spermatic cord
Function – the site of
accumulation and storage of
sperm
Ductus deferens


A thick-walled muscular
tube approximately 45 cm
in length.
It transports sperm form
epididymis to ejaculatory
duct
Ductus deferens
1. Testicular part
－
extends form the tail of epididymis to the
superior extremity of testis
2. Spermatic part
－
extends form superior extremity of testis to
the superficial inguinal ring, the place where
the vasectomy is performed
3. Inguinal part
－
extends form superficial to deep inguinal
rings
4. Pelvic part
－
crosses the obturator neurovascular bundle
and the ureter to reach the base of bladder,
where it expands to form the ampulla
ductus deferentis
Vasectomy
Spermatic cord
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Extends from the superior extremity of
testis to the deep inguinal ring
Contents of the spermatic cord
 Ductus deferens
 Testicular and deferential arteries
 Pampiniform plexus
 Nerves and lymphatics
 Vestige of vagina process
Covering of the spermatic
 Internal spermatic fascia
 Cremaster
 External spermatic fascia
Ejaculatory duct
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Formed by union of distal portion
ductus deferens and duct of seminal
vesicle
Passes through the upper part of
prostate and opens into the prostatic
part of urethra
Seminal vesicle
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Paired sacculated, coiled glands
Secrete part of seminal fluid
Located on posterior surface of
bladder, lateral to ampulla ductus
deferentis
Prostate
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Lies behind pubic symphysis, between neck of
bladder and urogenital diaphragm
Shape — chestnut-shaped organ
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Contains of five lobes
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Base
Apex
Body:
prostatic sulcus (posterior surfaces)
Anterior lobe
Middle lobe
Posterior lobe
Left and right lobes
Enclosed by a thin inner fibrous capsule (true
capsule) and a strong outer envelope of pelvic
fascia
Bulbourethral gland
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Two small pea-shaped glands
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Located in the deep transverse
muscle of perineum

Opens into bulbar portion of urethra
Male External genital organs
Scrotum
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Pouch of thin skin lying below the root
of the penis
Divided into two haves by septum of
scrotum, contains testes and their ducts
Walls
 Skin
 Dartos coat
 Deep to skin
 A connective tissue layer that
contains many smooth muscle
fibers
 Contracts in response to cold,
pulling the testes closer to the
body and wrinkling the skin
Parietal peritoneum
Transverse fascia
Trasversus abdominis
Obliquus internus
abdominis
Aponeurosis of obliquus
externus abdominis
External spermatic fascia
Cremaster
Parietal layer
Visceral
layer
Internal spermatic fascia
Tunica vaginalis of testis
Vaginal
cavity
Penis
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Consists of the root, body and
glans penis
Contains
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Two cavernous body of penis
A cavernous body of urethra
Skin－thin and loose
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Prepuce of penis
Frenulum of prepuce
Corona glandis
Cavernous body of penis
Cavernous body of urethra
Crus penis
Bulb of urethra
Male urethra
Three parts
1. Prostatic part
－lies within the prostate and is the
widest and most dilatable portion of
urethra.
2. Membranous part
－ passes through the urogenital
diaphragm surround by the sphincter of
urethra
3. Cavernous part
－transverse the length of cavernous
body of urethra
Posterior urethra－prostatic part and
membranous part
Anterior urethra –-cavernous part
Male urethra
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Within prostatic part
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Urethral ridge
Seminal colliculus
Prostatic utricle
The orifices of the
ejaculatory ducts
Male urethra
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Three constrictions
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At the internal urethral orifice
At the membranous part
At the external orifice of urethra
Three enlarged parts
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At prostatic part
At bulbar portion of urethra
At navicular fossa of urethra
Male urethra
Two curvatures
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Subpubic curvature －concave upward
Prepubic curvature －concave downward
By holding the penis upward, the S-shaped curve
to the urethra is converted into a J-shaped curve.
Female Reproductive
System
Female Genital System

Female internal genital
organs
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Gonad –ovary
Genital ducts
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Uterine tube
Uterus
Vagina
Female external genital
organs－female
pudendum
Female internal genital organs
Ovary

Position－lies in the ovarian fossa in
the angle between the internal and
external iliac vessels on the lateral
pelvic wall.

Shape－an ovoid organ
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Superior pole－tubal extremity
Inferior pole－uterine extremity
Anterior border－mesovarian
border (hilum of ovary)
Posterior border－free border
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Two surfaces－medial and lateral
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Function: Produce ova and secrete
estrogens
Ovary
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Supporting structures of ovary
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Suspensory ligament of ovary
Proper ligament of ovary
Uterine tube

General features
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About 10cm long
Located at upper edge of broad
ligament of uterus between the two
layers
Four parts
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Uterine part
Isthmus of uterine tube
Ampulla of uterine tube
Infundibulum of uterine tube
Uterine tube
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Uterine part －narrowest part, pierces uterine
wall and opens into cavity of uterus by uterine
orifice of uterine tube
Uterine tube
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Isthmus of uterine tube －straight and
narrow portion, thick walls, it is the place
where the tubal ligation is performed usually
Uterine tube
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Ampulla of uterine tube
relatively wide, tortuous, longest part, thin walls;
fertilization of the ovum takes place in its complex lumen
Infundibulum of uterine tube
 Fimbriae of uterine tube
 Ovarian fimbria
Ectopic pregnancy
Uterus
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General features
－muscular pear-shaped organ
Three parts
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Fundus of uterus
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Body of uterus
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Neck of uterus
 Vaginal part of cervix
 Supravaginal part of cervix
 Isthmus of uterus
short constricted part, transition between the body and
the neck of uterus, taken up by body of uterus during
pregnancy, thus “lower uterine segment”
Uterus
Interior cavity
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Cavity of uterus －the cavity of body of uterus, is triangular in
coronal section
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Canal of cervix of uterus －the cavity of the neck, is spindleshaped, opens into the vagina at the orifice of uterus
Uterus
Position
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Lies in the center of the pelvic
cavity, between bladder,
anteriorly, and rectum,
posteriorly, usually it is
anteversion and anteflexion
Anteversion
－axis of uterus at 90o with that
of vagina
Anteflexion
－axis of body of uterus is bent
forward with that of the cervix
forming an angle of about 170o
(body of uterus is bent slightly
forward at isthmus)
90o
170o
Supports of uterus
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Pelvic diaphragm
Surrounding organs: vagina
and bladder
Ligaments
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Broad ligament of uterus
Round ligament of uterus
Cardinal ligament of uterus
Uterosacral ligament of
uterus
Supports of uterus
Broad ligament of uterus
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Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Mesometrium
Supports of uterus
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Round ligament of uterus
－maintain anteverted
position of fundus
Supports of uterus
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Cardinal ligament of uterus
－confer lateral stability to cervical
region
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Uterosacral ligament of uterus －maintain body of uterus in
anteflexed position.
Female external genital organs
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Mons pubis 阴阜
Greater lips of pudendum 大阴唇
Lesser lips of pudendum 小阴唇
Vaginal vestibule 阴道前庭
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Eternal orifice of urethra
Vaginal orifice
Clitoris 阴蒂
Bulb of vestibule 前庭球
Clitoris 阴蒂
Crus of clitoris 阴蒂脚
Bulb of vestibule 前庭球
Great vestibular gland
前庭大腺
Vagina
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Flattened fibromuscular
tube, about 8～9cm long
Extends upward and
backward from vestibule to
uterus
Fornix of vagina
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Formed between cervix and
walls of vagina
Posterior fornix deepest and
larger than either anterior or
lateral fornices, and related
to the rectouterine pouch