Download B20 Ch 9 Excretory System Checklist

B20 Ch 9 Excretory System Checklist
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a) What are the functions of the excretory system?
b) Sketch the excretory system and identify and state the function of the main organs of
the excretory system.
a) Sketch the kidney and identify the 3 main regions and the 2 main blood vessels
of the kidney.
b) What is the function of these regions and blood vessels?
c) Sketch where the nephrons are located.
d) Which part of the nephron is in the renal cortex? Renal medulla?
e) Label the sodium concentration gradient in the kidney. Explain the function of this
sodium concentration gradient. How does it form?
a) Sketch a nephron and identify and state the function of the 7 main structures of a
nephron.
b) Add and label the 3 main capillary beds. What are the jobs of each capillary bed?
What are the peritubular capillaries?
What process reduces the volume of urine in the kidneys? What structure in the nephron
might be longer in a desert animal?
a) What substances in the blood pass into the Bowmen’s capsule? What happens to them
after this?
b) What substances in the blood do not pass into the Bowmen’s capsule?
What happens to them?
c) Why is it abnormal to find glucose in the collecting duct of a nephron? What disease
might cause this? What are some symptoms of this disease?
d) What structure of the nephron would be negatively affected by a decrease in blood
pressure? Describe how a decrease in blood pressure would impact the nephron’s
function.
What are the 4 steps in the formation and excretion of urine?
a) Are water and sodium transported in or out of the thick segment of the ascending
limb of the Loop of Henle? If so, is the movement by active or passive transport?
b) What is the result of the transport of water and sodium in the ascending limb of the
Loop of Henle?
a) What hormone regulates blood volume by controlling the amount of water that is
reabsorbed or excreted in urine? (antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or aldosterone?). How
does it work?
b) What hormone regulates sodium levels in the blood by controlling the amount of
sodium that is reabsorbed or excreted in urine? (antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or
aldosterone?). How does it work?
a) What is the difference between tubular secretion and reabsorption?
b) The reabsorption of which component of the filtrate contributes most to the decrease
in volume as the filtrate becomes urine?
Define osmosis. Is it active or passive transport?
Which parts of the nephron are impermeable to water in the presence of ADH? Which
parts of the nephron are always permeable to water?
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Which ions are secreted into the filtrate?
Fill in the blanks with the proper letters. Letters will be used more than once.
__________ proximal tubule
__________ descending loop of Henle
__________ ascending loop of Henle
__________ distal tubule
__________ collecting duct
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passive reabsorption of sodium ions
active reabsorption of sodium ions
passive reabsorption of chloride ions
active reabsorption of chloride ions
passive reabsorption of water by
osmosis
F. Active reabsorption of all nutrients,
including glucose and amino acids
Penicillin and other drugs are secreted into the filtrate in the _____________________________.
a) Nitrogenous wastes are the result of the breakdown of __________________ and ___________.
b) Which of the following nitrogenous wastes is present in the highest concentration in
the urine (circle one): ammonia, creatinine, uric acid, urea?
Which part of the nephron absorbs most of the water (about 65%) in the filtrate?
Ammonia is a highly toxic nitrogenous waste produced in our cells. It is converted to the
less toxic compound urea in the ___________________.
Is the urethra shorter in males or females? What is its approximate length in each
gender?
Which 2 organs of the excretory system occur in pairs?
Which parts of the nephron are in the renal cortex? Which parts are in the medulla?
Blood enters the kidney to be filtered through the ____________ _____________. Blood leaves
the kidney by the ______________ ______________.
What controls the release of urine from the urinary bladder?
Which substances DO NOT pass through the glomerulus to form the filtrate?
Nephrons maintain blood pH using the excretion and reabsorption of H+ and HCO3- .
When blood is too basic ___________ is not excreted and _________ is not reabsorbed.
When blood is too acidic ___________ is not excreted and _________ is not reabsorbed.
a) What is the role of the afferent arteriole in the kidney?
b) What is the role of the efferent arteriole in the kidney?
What substances are normally found in urine? Rank them in order from main component
to least component.
a. The proximal tubule is an important site of reabsorption of nutrients such as glucose
and amino acids and + ions from the filtrate leaving the glomerulus. Is this
reabsorption active or passive transport?
b. When active transport occurs in the nephron, what molecule provides the energy for
this? What cell organelle provides this molecule?