Download Excretory System (1)

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

Urinary tract infection wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
Excretory System
Maddie, Jess, Monica, Alyssa
The Urinary System (1, 2)
Consists of: 2 kidneys, 2
ureters, 1 urinary bladder, and
1 urethra
Function: To maintain homeostasis (a stable internal
environment) in the body by getting rid of excess water
and waste
image from
The Kidney (5)
Image from source 1
● Kidney contains millions of
nephrons which perform the
functions of the Kidney:
○ eliminate waste products
○ regulate water & what kind of
chemicals are in blood/body
○ maintains balance between
water/salt and acids/bases
● Which becomes urine
The Nephron (1)
Parts of Nephron:
•
Glomerulus (G & R)
o Bowman’s capsule (G) +
blood capillaries (R) =
Glomerulus
Proximal tubule (G)
Loop of Henle (B)
Distal tubule (P)
Collecting
duct (Y) involved in either transporting substances
Each
part of Nephron
•
•
•
•
into or out of the blood capillaries (R) which surround the
nephron.
Image from: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_rSpBEx_JXa0/TSEcdlvs9fI/AAAAAAAAAUA/3i4Pmbmqnjg/s640/nephron.gif
Processes (1)
•
Urine forms in nephrons by 3 process:
o Filtration:
 separation of a liquid from some or all of the undissolved
particles through a selectively permeable membrane
o
Tubular Reabsorption:
 movement of substances out of nephron and into the blood
capillaries
o
Tubular Secretion:
 process by which substances move into the distal and
collecting tubules from blood capillaries
Nephron: Glomerulus (3, 5)
•
•
Function: filters out solutes (except
proteins) & water from blood into the
nephron
o raises blood pressure = forces
molecules into Bowman’s
capsule
o process called filtration
This fluid (called filtrate) made up of:
water, urea, salts (e.g. NaCl) ions
(e.g. H+, K+, HCO3-), glucose, amino
acids, vitamins, & (possibly)
drugs/poisons
Photo is from source 5
Bowman’s capsule (yellow)
+ blood capillaries (pale
beige) = Glomerulus
•
Nephron: Proximal Tubule (4, 6)
Function: Tubular reabsorption
(nutrients and other substances
returned to blood)
o active tubular reabsorption
 Movement of sodium, etc, by
transport proteins
o passive tubular reabsorption
 Osmosis
 Substances in filtrate move out
into blood as well
images from: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/osmosi2.gif
http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Physiology%20101/Chapter%20Notes/Fall%202007/figure_18_15_labeled.jpg
Nephron: Loop of Henle (6, 7)
Function: sodium & water selectively reabsorbed in order to keep constant
concentration
descending part of loop =
outside fluid hypertonic with
sodium, therefore water leaves
by osmosis
as water leaves = sodium
NaCl
concentration in tubule
increases
o that’s why on ascending
part of loop = sodium
leaves tubule by diffusion > contents of tubule
Key:
become more dilute
=
•
•
•
•
•
Nephron: Distal Tubule (6)
Tubular Secretion: Solutes in
blood capillaries are accepted
and secreted into the nephron
Solutes are mainly H+ and K+
o Regulates sodium,
potassium, pH
Prevents foreign substances
(drugs) from accumulating in
blood
Nephron Collecting Duct (6)
•
Function: Controls how much water is
reabsorbed into the blood
Aldosterone allows for sodium to be
absorbed by blood capillaries by
stimulating sodium pumps = creates
L to H gradient need for osmosis
● ADH makes tubule more permeable
for water & w/ osmotic gradient =
allow more water in the filtrate to be
reabsorbed into the blood
● Amount of secretion of each based
on what the body needs
images from: http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Elementary%20Anatomy%20and%20Physiology%2050/Lecture%20outlines/15_
•
http://content.answcdn.com/main/content/img/elsevier/vet/gr277.jpg
•
How does urine formation help
maintain homeostasis? (7)
• pH- kidneys help excrete extra hydrogen (h+ ions) from the blood into
•
•
•
urine through active transport
Ions- the excess ions such as sodium or calcium leave the body in the
urine
The Loops of Henle balances concentrations by osmosis
Collecting Duct - keeps more water in body or allows it to leave the body
Questions?
Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Taggart, Ralph. Cecie Starr. "Urinary System of Mammals." The Unity and Diversity of Life. Ninth
edition. Publisher.: Brooks/Cole, 2001. pg 750-752. Print. Biology
"Excretory System." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/e/excretory_system.htm>.
Freudenrich, Craig. "Kidney Filtration." HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks, n.d. Web. 03 Nov.
2013. <http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/human-biology/kidney2.htm>.
" Excretory System." Excretory System Worksheet. N.p., 1998. Web. 03 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/review/excretory.html>.
Chapter 25: Physiology of Glomerular Filtration. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Nov. 2013.
<http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/thompsonj/Anatomy%20&%20Physiology/2020/2020%20Exam%20
Reviews/Exam%204/CH25%20Physiology%20of%20Glomerular%20Filtration.htm>.
"Urinary System." Urinary System. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013.
<http://www.augustatech.edu/anatomy/chapter_26.htm>.
"The Urinary System." The Urinary System. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Nov. 2013.
<http://classes.midlandstech.edu/carterp/Courses/bio211/chap26/index.htm>