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AIM: What distinct characteristics did the early civilizations of the Middle East develop? Do Now: Create three of the most ruthless (but fair) laws that you can think of. *Invasion and conquest were prominent features in the history of the Ancient Middle East THE MANY PEOPLE OF MESOPOTAMIA: 1. Sumerians (ancient Sumer’s city-states) (3200 B.C. - 1800 B.C.) 2. Babylonians ( 1800 B.C. - 1200 B.C. 3. Assyrians (Assyrian Empire) (1200 B.C. - 539 B.C.) 4. Persians (Persian Empire) (539 B.C. - 330 B.C.) ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA (3200 B.C.) “land in between the rivers” Why was this a perfect place for the 1st civilization? 1. Fertile Crescent - large arc of fertile land in the Middle East 2. Tigris & Euphrates Rivers made it possible for farming 3. Cattle, pigs, goats & sheep were accessible CHALLENGES 1. Unpredictable floods destroyed crops, homes & people 2. Some areas were marshy and unsuitable for farming 3. This land was vulnerable to attack and invasion Vocabulary Cuneiform – wedge shaped symbols carved into clay Ziggurats– a pyramidtemple that soared towards the heavens Zoroastrian - one of the world's oldest monotheistic religions. It was founded by the Prophet Zoroaster in ancient Iran approximately 3500 years ago Epic of Gilgamesh: The Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh dates from about 2000 B.C. It is a collection of tales about a hero named Gilgamesh. Agree or disagree… • “An eye for an eye, a life for a life.” Explain. Who was Hammurabi? • Member of the Amorite dynasty • King of Babylon from 1792-1750 BCE • United all of Mesopotamia under the Babylonian Empire Relief of Hammurabi and the god Shamash Hammurabi’s Code • 282 Laws for Babylonian society • Tool to unify expanding empire • “That the strong might not injure the weak” • Allowed everyone to know the rules Ancient Mesopotamian Astrology Activity Should we change our astrological signs? Let’s Summarize… Aim: What distinct characteristics did the early empires of the Middle East develop? Do Now: Analyze a map of the Persian Empire at its extent and hypothesize why the empire was so successful and vast. Assyrian Empire 900-600 BCE Assyrian Empire King Sennacherib • Ruled 705-681 BCE • Used military force against revolts • Led campaign against a rebellion in Judah • Conquered several Judean cities • Attacked King Hezekiah in the city of Jerusalem Palace Carving of King Sennacherib The Rise of Persia • The Persians based their empire on tolerance and diplomacy. They relied on a strong military to back up their policies. • Ancient Persia is where Iran is today. • Largest empire seen yet. The Persian Empire Vocab • Tolerance – Persian kings accepted the people they conquered • Satrap – province, which had to pay taxes based on its resources and wealth • Barter economy – exchanging one set of goods and services for another • Money economy – goods and services are paid through the exchange of some toke of an agreed value Cyrus the Great Primary Source • “This is the word of Cyrus king of Persia: The Lord, God of heaven has given me all the kingdoms of the earth, and he himself has charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem in Judah. To every man of his people now among you I say, God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem in Judah, and rebuild the house of the Lord God of Israel, the God whose city is Jerusalem.” • What type of ruler was Cyrus based on this quote? Darius Persian Empire, 500 BC List the continents the Persian Empire reached by 500 BCE The Royal Road • • • • • • 1,677 miles long 111 relay stations Other smaller roads branched off the royal road Relay stations had rest areas and fresh horses. The entire royal road could be traveled in a week by a horsemen Caravans took about a month The Phoenicians • Sailors and traders • Occupied string of cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast (Syria and Lebanon) • Set up colonies from North Africa to Sicily • Contribution: our alphabet Let’s Summarize… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sohXPx_XZ6Y