Download Science 14 Unit C Review

Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
Science 14
Unit C: Investigating Matter
and Energy in Living Systems
REVIEW
TOPICS
Chapter 8
3. Describe, in general terms, the structure and function of plant and animal cell parts; and trace the
development of the cell theory
• relate human knowledge of cells to the development of the optical microscope and staining
techniques (e.g., the work of Antony van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke)
• describe the structure of the major parts of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane,
nucleus, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast and cell wall
• describe, using analogies where appropriate, the functions of the major parts of plant and animal
cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondrion, chloroplast and cell wall
(e.g., compare cell functions to the functioning of a city)
Chapter 9
4. Identify and compare, in general terms, the life functions common to living systems, from cells to
organ systems
• describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in terms of biological
energy storage; i.e., capture of energy from the Sun in glucose during photosynthesis, and the
release of energy from glucose during respiration
• identify life functions common to living systems; i.e., energy conversion, response to the
environment, growth, reproduction, and conservation or dissipation of thermal energy (e.g.,
torpor, dormancy, hibernation, estivation, vascular skin, sweat gland behaviour)
• identify organs and systems in plants and animals that carry out the above life functions
• identify the major human organ systems that perform critical life functions; i.e., energy
conversion, response to the environment, growth, reproduction, and conservation or dissipation of
thermal energy
• describe how cell structure has been adapted for specific life functions (e.g., stomata in the
leaves for water balance; skin cells are flat to cover large surface area; plant cell walls provide
structural support; nerve cells are long for transmission of impulses; storage of chemical energy
in roots [e.g., sugar beets], stems [e.g., sugar cane] and fruits [e.g., apples])
• identify and describe the role of modern technology in monitoring critical life functions in
humans (e.g., ultrasound, heart monitor, blood pressure cuff, blood glucose monitoring devices)
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Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
Chapter 10
1. Describe, in general terms, the exchange of matter by the digestive and circulatory systems, the
functional relationship between the two systems and the need for a healthy diet and lifestyle
• assess the nutrient components of prepared foods by reading labels, and evaluate a variety of
popular diets in terms of nutrient composition
• explain, in general terms, how diets that include excessive amounts of certain foods may
influence body function (e.g., cholesterol, salt, fats)
• analyze and discuss mixed diets and vegetarian diets in meeting human nutritional needs
• describe, in general terms, the intake of matter and its processing by the digestive system (e.g.,
foods are broken down into molecules that are absorbed into the blood stream from the intestine;
food intake leads to increased blood sugar and mineral levels)
• describe, in general terms, the role of the heart and lungs in the circulatory system and in the
exchange and distribution of matter processed by the digestive system
• analyze the functional relationship between the digestive and circulatory systems, recognizing
the work of early physicians (e.g., William Harvey, Ivan Pavlov, William Beaumont)
Chapter 11
2. Describe disorders of the digestive and circulatory systems as imbalances induced by genetic, lifestyle
and environmental factors
• describe, in general terms, how the digestive and circulatory systems interact to assist in the
maintenance of balance (homeostasis) in the human organism
• explain how normal fluctuations within the digestive system result in adjusting fluctuations in
the circulatory system (e.g., ingestion of salt and increased blood pressure; the relationship
between blood sugar and insulin production)
• explain that illness and possibly death may result when the body cannot accommodate major
disturbances within a system; i.e., digestive, excretory or circulatory (e.g., ulcers, heart attacks)
• analyze and explain, in general terms, a technology that is used to diagnose imbalances (e.g.,
endoscope, stethoscope) or to intervene and preserve balance (homeostasis) (e.g., kidney dialysis
machine, pacemaker)
• evaluate the effect of social factors on human digestive and circulatory well-being and disorders
(e.g., ulcers, anorexia, bulimia, high blood pressure, heart and arterial diseases as they relate to
lack of fitness, unbalanced diets)
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Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
KEY TERMS
Chapter 8
Microscope
Compound microscope
Electron microscope
Hand lens
Dissecting scope
Cell
Organelle
Living
Non-living
Tissue
Organ
System
Theory
Organism
Life processes
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Vacuole
ER
Cell membrane
Cell wall
chloroplast
Chapter 9
Life function
Torpor
Hibernation
Specialized
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Glucose
Digestive system
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
Circulatory system
Heart
Artery
Vein
Capillary
Blood pressure cuff
x-ray
EKG
EEG
Chapter 10
Nutrition
Nutrient
Malnutrition
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Diet
Mixed diet
Canada’s Food Guide
Vegetarian
Fad diet
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Enzyme
Absorption
saliva
Chapter 11
Homeostasis
Insulin
High blood pressure
Gallstone
Obesity
Heartburn
Diabetes
Ulcer
Anorexia
Bulimia
Heart attack
Cardiac arrest
Angiogram
Pacemaker
Artificial heart
Kidney dialysis
SAMPLE QUESTIONS
A. Definitions – define the terms in the above chart
B. Short Answer
1. How was the microscope developed? Give a brief description of its history.
2. Describe how the electron microscope differs from the compound microscope.
3. What are the parts of the microscope and their functions?
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Name: _____________________________
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Date: __________________________
Cells are the building blocks of life. What are the building blocks of the cell? Explain.
What is the difference between a plant cell and an animal cell?
How was cell
theory developed?
What is cell theory?
Use a chart to compare living and non-living cells.
What are the parts of an animal cell?
11. What are the parts of a plant cell?
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
What is an organelle? What is the function of each cell organelle?
What are the life functions common to all living things?
Describe one way that plant or animal cells are specialized.
What is photosynthesis? Use a diagram to explain your answer.
Describe cellular respiration. Use a diagram to explain your answer.
What is the difference between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
What are the similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
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Name: _____________________________
Date: __________________________
19. What are the roles of the following systems:
a. Digestive system
b. Nervous system
c. Circulatory system
d. Urinary system
20. Label the parts of the digestive system. What
function does each part hold?
21. List the steps in digestion.
22. Explain the term “closed transport system” as it refers to the circulatory system.
23. What are the parts to the circulatory system? What function does each part hold?
24. How do the digestive and circulatory systems work together?
25. What would happen if the circulatory system were no longer able to absorb food?
26. What technology is used to monitor systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings?
27. Name three technologies used to diagnose injury and disease. Explain the purpose of each
technologies.
28. How does diet affect the body?
29. What is malnutrition?
30. What type of food is the primary source of energy in the body?
31. What nutrients does your body need to function properly?
32. What are the six essential nutrients? What is their function?
33. List the four basic types of food that are part of a good mixed diet.
34. List five guidelines of Canada’s Food Guide.
35. What categories of information do nutrition labels provide?
36. Name the three processes involved in digestion. What parts of the digestive system are
involved in each process?
37. Name the digestive processes that occur in the following organs:
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
38. List three ways that a high fat diet affects your body.
39. What happens to your body when you skip breakfast?
40. What is homeostasis?
41. How do the digestive system and circulatory systems interact to maintain internal balance?
42. What is the connection between hunger and homeostasis of the digestive system?
43. Identify two major illnesses that affect the circulatory system and digestive systems.
44. What is a heart attack? What is cardiac arrest?
45. Explain why a person might need dialysis.
46. Describe three forms of technology used to diagnose or treat heart problems.
C. Multiple Choice
Anything from the Chapter Tests!
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