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To vannamei or not to vannamei … … that is the question Marine Cage Culture Sites Movement of shrimps between countries within a species’ range is okey. Borders between countries are political … Shrimps don’t know that. Marine Cage Culture Sites Movement of fish outside its biological barrier is debatable! AllQuarantine new arrivals … it could save the others! A hypothetical “exotic shrimp transfer network” Motive for species introduction: • When a native organism is not suitable for aquaculture • When culture of the native stock crashes Consequences of Movement • when a species is introduced, it is not just individuals of that organism that travel … parasites and diseases that the organisms suffer from travel as well • Problems arise when the exotic organisms escape from culture facilities either in the form of adults or larvae. • Native species may be more susceptible to the exotic disease • These exotic species can interbreed or out compete the native species and destroy the natural stocks. Disease and diagnosis When disease is present, only a small part of the population usually shows clinical disease Carriers Clinical disease Sub-clinical disease Decreased production Knowing a Pathogen is Costly • distribution (how contagious it is) • duration of infection (will it kill the whole stock?) • survival time outside the host (does it incubate or hide somewhere?) • ability to multiply and remain viable in water • environmental fate • number of infectious units required to cause infections and pathogenicity • host specificity to determine if cross species infections or disease are likely to occur • development of immunity Disease avoidance approaches • • • • • No introduction Inspection at source Inspection upon entry Quarantine Introduction of stock known to be clean Biosecurity is a problem! The tiger is our own! Why lose it?