Download The Increase and Decrease Game When the left ventricle contracts

The Increase and Decrease Game
1. When the left ventricle contracts, the pressure in the ventricle __________causing the aortic
valve to open.
2. Constriction produces a____________in diameter of the arteriole, which__________its
resistance to blood flow.
3. Increases in sympathetic nerve activity cause constriction of the veins, which___________their
capacitance and hence__________the unstressed volume.
4. As vessel diameter increases, the velocity of flow through the vessel___________.
5. Increasing resistance (by arteriolar vasoconstriction) _________blood flow.
6. As viscosity increases, the resistance to flow__________.
7. When radius of a blood vessel decreases, its resistance_______________. (Remember, by the
4th power!)
8. In a parallel arrangement, adding a resistance to the circuit causes total resistance
to__________.
9. Narrowing of a blood vessel, which produces a ________in velocity of blood flow, causes a
__________ in Reynolds number.
10. High cardiac output causes a ___________ in the velocity of the blow flow.
11. If the compliance of the veins decrease, there is a ____________ in the volume the veins can
hold. Therefore, unstressed volume __________ and stressed volume ___________.
12. Arterial pressures are increased in the elderly due to __________arterial compliance.
13. As resistance increases, downstream pressure must necessarily _______________.
14. Aortic valve closure produces a brief period of retrograde flow from the aorta back toward the
valve, briefly ___________the aortic pressure below the systolic value.
15. A patient has arteriosclerosis. The arterial compliance is ____________ causing systolic
pressure, pulse pressure, and mean pressure to all __________.
16. A patient has aortic stenosis. The stroke volume is ________which causes systolic pressure,
pulse pressure, and mean pressure to all _____________.
17. Increases in conduction velocity of the AV node can lead to _____________ventricular filling and
____________stroke volume and cardiac output.
18. During phase 0 (upstroke), there is a ____________ in sodium conductance.
19. During phase 1 (initial repolarization), there is a ___________ in calcium conductance.
20. Repolarization in the SA node is due to a ____________ in potassium conductance.
21. If the rate of phase 4 depolarization __________, threshold is reached more quickly, the SA
node will fire more action potentials per time, and heart rate will __________.
22. Activation of beta-1 receptors in the SA node produces a ___________in the funny current
(inward sodium current), which __________the rate of phase 4 depolarization.
23. Negative chronotropic effects are ________ in heart rate. They produce a ________ in the funny
current and ________ an outward potassium current.
24. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system produces a _____________ in conduction
velocity through the AV node.
25. Increases in conduction velocity through the AV node ________the PR interval.
26. As heart rate __________ and refractory periods shorten, the myocardial cells are excitable
earlier and more often.
27. Positive inotropic agents ________both the rate of tension development and the peak tension.
28. Acetylcholine __________ inward calcium current during the plateau of the action potential.
29. If the increase of heart rate is caused by sympathetic stimulation, the size of the inward calcium
current with each action potential is ____________.
30. Digoxin causes a ________________ in the intracellular sodium concentration.
31. Increasing muscle length ____________the calcium sensitivity of troponin C and
____________calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
32. An increase in ejection fraction reflects a __________ in contractility.
33. As venous return increases, end-diastolic volume______________ and stroke volume
___________.
34. Digoxin produce ________ in stroke volume and cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume.
35. An increase in afterload causes stroke volume to ___________ and the end-systolic volume to
________.
36. An increase in contractility causes stroke volume to ____________ and the end-systolic volume
to ___________.
37. A decrease in intrathoracic pressure produces a ____________ in venous return to the right side
of the heart.
38. If the compliance of the veins ___________, the blood shifts from the unstressed volume to the
stressed volume.
39. Increase in arterial pressure cause __________stretch on the baroreceptors and
__________firing rate in the afferent nerves.
40. When a patient expires against a closed-glottis, there is a __________ in intrathoracic pressure
which _____venous return to the heart which __________cardiac output.
41. Aldosterone causes a __________ in sodium reabsorption and a __________ in ECF volume and
blood volume.
42. If you increase secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide, there is a __________ in sodium and water
retention.
Answers
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Increases
Decrease, increase
Decrease, decrease
Decrease
Decrease
Increase
Increase
Decrease
Increase, increase
Increase
Decrease, decreases, increases
Decreased
Decrease
Decreasing
Decreased, increase
Decrease, decrease
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Decrease, decrease
Increase
Increase
Increase
Increases, increase
Increase, increase
Decreases, decrease, increase
Decrease
Decrease
Increase
Increase
Decrease
Increase
Increase
Increase, increase
Increase
Increase, increase
Increase
Decrease, increase
Increase, decrease
Increase
Decrease
Increase, increase
Increase, decrease, decrease
Increase, increase
increase