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The first Hanoverian kings Study Questions Millennium I p. 146 1. Whom did George I have to depend on and what did this mean in political terms? • He depended completely on the Whig Party. The government was made up of ministers who were not chosen by the king but by the party that had the majority in Parliament. A Prime Minister, responsible to the king for the government’s policy, was elected for the first time. The dependence of the king on political parties laid the foundations of the modern British Parliamentary monarchy. 2. Who was the Prime Minister of the Whig Cabinet in the first half of the century and what was he accused of? • Sir Robert Walpole, who kept his position of Prime Minister for more than twenty years, even though he was accused of corruption by his opponents. 3. What events led to the battle of Culloden and what were its consequences? • The Jacobite rebellion, led by Charles Edward, the Stuart pretender to the throne. He crossed the Scottish border and invaded England with his troops but was defeated at Culloden in 1745. With this defeat all hopes of an independent Scotland were lost and the Highlanders’ traditions started vanishing. 4. What new war broke out among the European nations in 1756? • The Seven Years’ War, which was fought by Prussia and Britain against practically all the rest of Europe. 5. Who was Prime Minister at the time? • William Pitt the Elder, who gave enthusiasm to the nation after the first defeats. 6. What peace treaty ended the war? What advantages did Britain gain from this peace? • The Treaty of Paris. Great Britain gained Senegal, Canada, the territories east of the Mississippi River in North America and some Caribbean islands. 7. What was the situation in India? • The Treaty of Paris also meant the end of the French influence in India. The East India Company which had previously controlled only a few trading posts like Madras, Calcutta and Bombay, now extended its political and economic influence to the major Indian states. This laid the foundations of the British Empire. 8. What great events characterized the reign of George III? • The War of the American Independence, which ended with the British loss of the thirteen colonies in north America. This loss, however was compensated for by the colonial expansion in India and the acquisition of immense new territories in the Pacific, including Australia and New Zealand.