Download The Respiratory Lecture

Mill Creek Week #1 Reflection
• What were the positives from our first week?
• What do we need to work on or improve upon for
the upcoming weeks?
Pro’s
• Lesson plan was well-thought out.
• All objectives were met during the lesson.
• The group worked very well together (planning, splitting up the activities,
communicating with one another).
• The 4th graders seemed to have fun.
• When told to do something, non-teachers did it.
• You were respectful about the expectations (dress, phones, etc.)
What do I think needs to be improved?
• More enthusiasm
• Less talking to one another when your peers are instructing or even when
activities are going on (you need to be engaged in the lesson- teachers need
to plan who does what and when!)
• We need louder voices
• We need more organization (without me planning everything)
• Individuals need to know their material without the use of a notecard
(information, rules of game, etc.) and be able to convey that to the kids
Advanced
Health
What is it?
• The biological
system by which
oxygen is taken
into the body and
an exchange of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide takes place.
Functions:
• Main function- gas exchange system for oxygen and carbon
dioxide
• Speech and vocalization
• Sense of Smell
• Breathing movements help promote blood and lymph flow
Organs of the
Respiratory System
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Nose (Sinuses)
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
Upper vs. Lower Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory
Lower Respiratory
• Nose
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs
The Nose (Sinuses)
• The nose is the primary upper respiratory organ in which air enters into and exits from the
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body.
Cilia and mucus line the nasal cavity and trap bacteria and foreign particles that enter in
through the nose.
Air that passes through the nasal cavity is humidified and moistened.
The nasal septum divides the nose into two narrow nasal cavities: one area is responsible
for smell and the other area is responsible for respiration.
Within the walls of the nasal cavity there are frontal, nasal, ethmoid, maxillary, and
sphenoid bones.
Cartilage helps form the shape of the nose.
Pharynx (Throat)
• The pharynx is a tubular structure, positioned
behind the oral and nasal cavities, that allows air
to pass from the mouth to the lungs.
• The pharynx contains three parts:
• The nasopharynx, which connects the upper
part of the throat with the nasal cavity
• The oropharynx, positioned between the
top of the epiglottis and the soft palate
• The laryngopharynx, located below the
epiglottis
Larynx (Voice box)
• From the pharynx, air enters into the larynx,
commonly called the voice box.
• The larynx has two main functions:
• A passageway for air to enter into the lungs
• A source of vocalization
• The larynx is made up of the hyoid bone and
cartilage, which helps regulate the flow of air.
• The epiglottis is a flap-like cartilage structure
contained in the larynx that protects the trachea
against food aspiration.
Trachea
• The trachea is the part of the respiratory
tract that leads from the larynx and ends
lower down in the thoracic cavity where it
divides into the two main bronchi (left and
right).
• The primary function of the trachea is to
allow air to pass between the larynx and
bronchi.
• It allows the air to be divided and routed
into both lungs by terminating into the two
main bronchi.
Bronchi
• The bronchi allow the passage of air to the
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lungs.
The trachea is made of c-shaped ringed cartilage
that divides into the right and left bronchus
(leading to the right and left lungs).
The first branches are the primary bronchi.
In each lung, they branch into smaller, or
secondary bronchi.
The secondary bronchi continue to branch off
to form the tertiary bronchi, which are further
divided into terminal bronchioles.
Lungs
• The lungs are spongy, air-filled organs located on
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both sides of the chest cavity.
The right lung is larger than left lung, due to the
heart being located slightly to the left.
The left lung is made up of two lobes (upper and
lower lobe, while right is made up of three lobes
(upper, middle, and lower lobes).
Pleura, a thin layer of tissue, line the lungs to
allow the lungs to expand and contract with ease.
Respiration is the primary function of the lungs,
which includes the transfer of oxygen found in
the atmosphere into the blood stream and the
release of carbon dioxide into the air.
Bronchioles and Alveoli
in the Lungs
• Within your lungs, the main airways (bronchi)
branch off into smaller and smaller passageways,
the smallest of which are called bronchioles.
• At the end of the bronchioles are tiny air sacs
(alveoli).
• The bronchioles are the passageways by
which air passes through the nose or mouth
to the alveoli, which are tiny air sacs of the
lungs which allow for rapid gaseous
exchange.
The Diaphragm
• The diaphragm is the large,
dome-shaped muscle under
the lungs.
• It contracts during inhalation
and relaxes during
exhalation.
Respiration
• Respiration is the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between a living
organism and its environment.
• Pulmonary ventilation (breathing), is the process that moves air into and out of the
lungs.
• This makes possible the exchange of gases between air in the lungs and in the blood,
which is also called external respiration.
• The exchange of gases occurring between the blood and the cells of the body is
called internal respiration.
Breathing
• Breathing requires inhaling and exhaling of
air.
• Oxygen enters the respiratory tract while
carbon dioxide leaves it.
• This process takes place with the help of the
diaphragm, which is a muscle. When this
muscle relaxes, it pushes the air out of the
lungs.
• On the other hand, when it contracts, it
creates sufficient room for the lungs to
expand and receive air.
Exchange of
Gases in the Lungs
• 1. Oxygen enters the blood (capillaries) from the lungs
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via the alveoli.
2. Oxygen is transported in blood dissolved in plasma or
bound to hemoglobin inside red blood cells.
3. Oxygen diffuses (scatters evenly in the available space)
into cells.
4. Carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells.
5. The carbon dioxide is then returned by the blood to
the lungs.
6. The carbon dioxide is then breathed out.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJpur6XUiq4
The Fun Stuff…
• Up on the roof of the nasal cavity
(the space behind your nose) is the
olfactory epithelium. Olfactory is a
fancy word that has to do with
smelling.
• The olfactory epithelium contains
special receptors that are sensitive to
odor molecules that travel through
the air.
Activity #1- How well do you smell?
• I need 5 volunteers to have their sense of smell tested.
• You will each be blindfolded and have the chance to smell an
object.
• You will then record what you think you were smelling.
• We will repeat the process several times to see how strong your
sense of smell is…
Activity #2
Go to Google and type in Anatomy Arcade Respiratory
Everyone has to be on the same page, then you will be
given directions.
The Thorax is the part of the body between the neck and the abdomen,
including the cavity enclosed by the ribs, breastbone, and dorsal vertebrae, and
containing the chief organs of circulation and respiration; the chest.
• Click on Thorax Jigsaw, press Start, and GO!!!!!
• First to finish wins!!!!
Activity #3- Name that Common Illness
• Information about a common respiratory illness will
show on the screen.
• First hand up will get to guess the illness.
• If you get it correct, you receive a point.
• Person with the most points at the end wins
Bronchitis
• Inflammation of all or part of the bronchial tree
(the bronchi), through which air passes into the
lungs.
• The most obvious symptoms are a sensation of
chest congestion and a mucus-producing cough.
Croup
• An acute respiratory illness of young children
characterized by a harsh cough, hoarseness, and difficult
breathing.
• The illness is caused by infection of the upper airway in
the region of the larynx (voice box), with infection
sometimes spreading into the lower airway to the trachea
(windpipe).
Influenza
• An acute viral infection of the upper or lower
respiratory tract that is marked by fever, chills, and
a generalized feeling of weakness and pain in the
muscles, together with varying degrees of soreness
in the head and abdomen.
Laryngitis
• An inflammation of the voice box that causes your
voice to become raspy or hoarse.
• Most commonly caused by colds or the flu.
Sinusitis
• Inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses.
Healthy sinuses are filled with air, but when they become
blocked and filled with fluid, germs can grow and cause an
infection.
• Conditions that can cause sinus blockage include the common
cold, allergic rhinitis (swelling of the lining of the nose), or
small growths in the lining of the nose called nasal polyps.
Tomorrow…
• Group #3 will be preparing their lesson for
Mill Creek.
• All others will be participating in a
Respiratory Disease assignment.