Download Plant Cells

Cells divide sexually and asexually
 Prokaryotes divide via binary fission (type
of asexual reproduction)

Sexual Reproduction occurs when an egg
and sperm fuse (process is called
fertilization) to form a zygote (fertilized egg)
 Sperm (XY) and Egg (XX) cells aka sex cells
or gametes are haploid cells

Body cells (aka Somatic Cells) are diploid cells
that reproduce asexually in order for growth,
repair, and replacement.
Cell Growth Cycle
• Interphase (growing)
• Mitosis (division)
• Cytokinesis (final separation)
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•
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Time between cell division (90% of a cells life is spent
during this phase)
Chromosomes are copied (# doubles)
Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin)
at the start, but each chromosome and its
copy(sister chromosome) change to sister
chromatids at end of this phase
Nucleus
CELL
MEMBRANE
Cytoplasm
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
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Division of the nucleus into
two identical cells that are
the same number and
same kinds of
chromosomes as the
original cell
Mitosis occurs in all somatic
cells (aka body cells) ex.
Skin, liver, heart, stomach
Consists of 4 phases:
Prophase, Metaphase,
Anaphase, Telophase
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•
•
Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to
move to opposite end of the cell.
Spindle fibers form between the poles.
Centrioles
Sister chromatids
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach
to the spindle fibers.
• Chromosomes line up at the MIDDLE of the
cell (Mmmmeta- Mmmmmmiddle)
•
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
•
Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes)
separate and begin to move to opposite
ends of the cell.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
•
•
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Two new nuclei form.
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads
rather than rods).
Mitosis ends.
Nuclei
Chromatin
Nuclei
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Division of cytoplasm that occurs after mitosis
• Cell membrane moves inward to create two
daughter cells – each with its own nucleus
with identical chromosomes.
• Animal Cells- cytoplasm moves inward and
pinches into two identical cells
• Plant Cells- a cell plate forms in the middle of
the cell and eventually a cell wall separates
the two cells
•
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Plant Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis