Download Blood Transfusion

Blood Transfusion
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Done by : Mrs .Eman Rizk
Definition ( Blood Transfusion )
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Is the process of transferring blood or blood-based
products from one person into the circulatory system
of another.
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A person who receives blood is called the Recipient
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A person who gives blood is called the Donner
What is a Blood?
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Blood is composed of fluid and different kinds of
blood cells:
Plasma: is the fluid portion of blood
White Blood Cells: protect against disease and
infection. It range 4.5 – 11 k/ul
Platelets help form blood clots when bleeding
occurs. It range 150 – 450 k/ul
Red Blood Cells transport oxygen from the lungs to
the other cells of the body and return carbon dioxide
to the lungs. It range 4 – 5.5 k/ul
Blood Types
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Every person has one of the following blood types:
A, B, AB, or O.
Also, every persons blood is either Rh- positive or
Rh-negative. So, if you have type A blood, its either
A positive or A negative.
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If you have Rh-positive blood, you can get Rhpositive or Rh-negative blood.
But if you have Rh- negative blood, you should get
only Rh-negative blood. Rh-negative blood is used
for emergencies when there is no time to test a
persons Rh type.
Type O blood is safe for almost everyone. Called
universal donor can donate to any type of blood .
People with type AB blood are called universal
recipients. This means they can get any type of
blood.
Indications for a blood transfusion
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1. Blood loss due to trauma
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2. Heart or other major surgery
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3. Organ transplants
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4. Bleeding disorders (hemophilia)
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5. Anemia (sickle cell)
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6. Leukemia
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7. Disorders that destroy blood cells or bone marrow
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8. RH incompatibility in newborn babies
Types of Blood Transfusion
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Blood is transfused either as whole blood (with all
its parts) or, more often, as individual parts. The
type of blood transfusion you need depends on your
situation:
Red Blood Cell Transfusions Red blood cells are
the most commonly transfused part of the blood.
These cells carry oxygen from the lungs to your
bodys organs and tissues. They also help your body
get rid of carbon dioxide and other waste products.
You may need a transfusion of red blood cells if you
lost blood due to an injury or surgery.
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Platelets and Clotting Factor Transfusions
Platelets and clotting factors help stop bleeding,
including internal bleeding that you cant see. Some
illnesses may cause your body to not make enough
platelets or other clotting factors. You may need
regular transfusions of these parts of your blood to
stay healthy.
Before a Blood Transfusion
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The nurse should being sure of:
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- The doctor order and signature.
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- The serial number of blood unit.
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- The blood type of ordered unit and pt’s blood type.
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- Date of having blood unit not exceed one month.
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- The consent paper
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- Typing and cross matching test
During a Blood Transfusion
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The nurse should :
Assessment of vital signs prior to transfusion.
Tow nurses verify correct and unit of blood are
correctly matched.
Direct observation of client during first 15
minutes of infusion.
Check vital signs according to protocol.
After a Blood Transfusion
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After a blood transfusion, vital signs are checked
(such as temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate).
The patient maybe have some bruising or soreness
for a few days at the site where the IV was inserted .
need blood tests that show how patient body is
reacting to the transfusion if doctor order .
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Documentation
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Return empty unit to blood bank .
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If blood transfusion reaction occur the nurse should:
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Stop transfusion immediately.
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Continue IV infusion with normal saline.
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Notify physician of client’s signs and symptoms.
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Provide care for client as indicated.
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Complete reaction from according to institution
protocol.
Obtain urine specimen from client and send for
free hemoglobin.
Blood transfusion reactions
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Risks of Blood Transfusion :
Most blood transfusions go very smoothly.
However, mild problems and, very rarely, serious
problems can occur. Such as:
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Allergic Reaction
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Viruses and Infectious Diseases
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Fever
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Iron Overload
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Lung Injury
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Acute Immune Hemolytic Reaction
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Delayed Hemolytic Reaction
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Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Thank you