Download Connections of the skull

Connections of the skull
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Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
Nasal cavity
1) Common nasal meatus
Cribriform plate
From where (to where)
Anterior cranial fossa
and foramina
Piriform aperture
Incisive canal
face
Oral cavity
"Y"-shaped canal
Sphenopalatine foramen
Pterygopalatine fossa
or pterygopalatine foramen
Choana
Aperture of sphenoid sinus
Contents
Olfactory nerves (I. n.)
Anterior ethmoidal a. and n.
Nasopalatine a.
Nasopalatine n. (of Scarpa) (from V/2 n.)
Superior posterior nasal nerves (from V/2 n.)
Sphenopalatine a.
- nasopharynx Sphenoid sinus
-- ventillation (paranasal sinus!)
Posterior ethmoidal air cells (sinuses)
-- ventillation (paranasal sinuses!)
Anterior and middle ethmoidal air cells
(sinuses)
-- ventillation (paranasal sinuses!)
Frontal sinus
-- ventillation (paranasal sinus!)
Maxillary sinus (of Highmore)
-- ventillation (paranasal sinus!)
Orbit
Nasolacrimal duct
in the sphenoethmoidal recess
2) Superior nasal meatus
3) Middle nasal meatus
Semilunar hiatus
•
•
(Between ethmoid bulla and uncinate process)
Anteriorly:
Ethmoidal infundibulum
Behind:
Aperture of maxillary sinus
4) Inferior nasal meatus
Nasolacrimal canal
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Connections of the skull
Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
Oral cavity
From where (to where)
Nasal cavity (common nasal meatus)
Incisive canal
"Y"-shaped canal
Greater palatine canal
Pterygopalatine fossa
or greater pterygopalatine/ sphenopalatine canal
(ends with greater palatine foramen)
Lesser palatine nerves (from V/2 n.)
Lesser palatine canals
(end with lesser palatine foramina)
(Mandibular canal)
starts with mandibular foramen
Contents
Nasopalatine a.
Nasopalatine n. (of Scarpa) (from V/2 n.)
Greater palatine n. (from V/2 n.)
Descending palatine a.
Mental foramen;
the incisive canal of the mandibule goes further
in the mandible untill the incisive teeth
Inferior alveolar a., v., n.
Tympanic cavity (or middle ear)
Musculotubarian canal
From where (to where)
External base of the skull
Contents
a)
b)
a) (Semi)canal of tensor tympani muscle
b) (Semi)canal of the auditory tube
Caroticotympanic canaliculi
Carotid canal
Canaliculus of chorda tympani
Facial canal
(from its 3rd, descending part)
In the tympanic cavity it opens with the tympanic aperture
of the canaliculus of chorda tympani
Stapedius canaliculus
Facial canal
a) Tensor tympani muscle
b) Auditory (Eustachian) tube
Caroticotympanic arteries
Caroticotympanic plexus (sympathetic nerves)
Chorda tympani (from VII. n.)
Post. tympanic a.
Stapedius n. (from VII. n.)
(from its 3rd, descending part)
Tympanic canaliculus
Canal of the lesser petrosal nerve
Fossula petrosa
(external base of the skull)
Middle cranial fossa
Mastoid antrum
Mastoid air cells
Opens with aditus to antrum
(Fenestra vestibuli)
(Fenestra cochleae)
Inner ear
Inner ear
(opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid)
Tympanic n. (from IX. n.)
Inf. tympanic a.
Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.)
Sup. tympanic a.
-- ventillation
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Connections of the skull
Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
Orbit
Aditus orbitae
Optic canal
From where (to where)
face
Middle cranial fossa (scala media)
Superior orbital fissure
Middle cranial fossa
Inferior orbital fissure
I. (postero-medial part)
Pterygopalatine fossa
I.: Infraorbital n., zygomatic n. (from. n. V/2)
Inferior ophtalmic vein
II. (antero-lateral part)
Nasolacrimal canal
Anterior ethmoidal canal
Infratemporal fossa
Inferior nasal meatus
Anterior cranial fossa (scala anterior),
II.: Infraorbital a., v.
Nasolacrimal duct
Anterior ethmoidal a., v., n.
or orbito-cranial canal
(starts with anterior ethmoidal foramen)
Posterior ethmoidal canal
Contents
Optic n. (II. n.)
Ophtalmic a.
Oculomotor n. (III. n.)
Trochlear n. (IV. n.),
Ophtalmic n. (V/1 n.)
Abducens n. (VI. n.)
Superior ophtalmic vein
above cribriform plate
Posterior ethmoidal air cells,
sphenoid sinus
Posterior ethmoidal a., v., n.
Infraorbital canal
Frontal notch
Face, fossa canina
Supraorbital region (forehead)
Infraorbital a., v., n.
Frontal n.
Supraorbital foramen
Supraorbital region (forehead)
Supraorbital n.
or orbito-ethmoidal canal
(starts with posterior ethmoidal foramen)
(= medial branch of supraorbital n.)
(= lateral branch of supraorbital n.)
Zygomatic canal
"Y"-shaped canal, starts in the orbit with
zygomaticoorbital foramen; zygomatic n. (from V/2 n.)
branches in it
- Zygomaticofacial foramen (face)
- Zygomaticotemporal foramen
(temporal fossa)
- Zygomaticofacial branch (from zygomatic n.)
- Zygomaticotemporal branch (from zygomatic n.)
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Connections of the skull
Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
Internal base of the skull
1) Anterior cranial fossa (scala anterior)
Cribriform plate
From where (to where)
Nasal cavity (common nasal meatus)
Contents
and foramina
Foramen cecum
(connection to the nasal cavity in the embryonic period)
(emissary vein of foramen cecum)
2) Middle cranial fossa (scala media)
Optic canal
Orbit
Superior orbital fissure
Orbit
Foramen rotundum
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Pterygopalatine fossa
External base of the skull
External base of the skull
Optic n. (II. n.)
Ophtalmic a.
Oculomotor n. (III. n.)
Trochlear n. (IV. n.)
Ophtalmic n. (V/1 n.)
Abducens n. (VI. n.)
Superior ophtalmic vein
Maxillary n. (V/2 n.)
Mandibular n. (V/3 n.)
Middle meningeal a. (main artery of the dura mater)
Foramen lacerum
External base of the skull
Olfactory nerves (I. n.)
Anterior ethmoidal a. and n.
Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
- filled with cartilage (sphenopetrous synchondrosis)
Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.)
Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.)
Internal carotid a.
Carotid canal
External base of the skull
Hiatus for the canal of the greater petrosal nerve
Facial canal (geniculum)
Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.)
Hiatus for the canal of the lesser petrosal nerve
Tympanic cavity
Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.)
(opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid)
Petrosquamous fissure
Shenopetrous fissure
External base of the skull (infratemporal fossa)
External base of the skull
Sup. tympanic a.
(Sphenopetrous synchondrosis)
Internal carotid plexus (sympathetic nerves)
(opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid)
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Connections of the skull
Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
3) Posterior cranial fossa (scala posterior)
Foramen magnum
From where (to where)
Vertebral canal
Contents
Spinal cord / medulla border
Vertebral arteries
Ant. spinal artery (1), posterior spinal arteries (2)
Spinal root of accessory n. (XI. n.)
Internal vertebral venous plexus
Internal acoustic meatus
Starts with internal acoustic pore (porus)
Ends with base or fundus of internal acoustic
meatus:
1)
3)
2)
4)
4 quadrant:
1) facial area (beginning of facial canal!)
2) cochlear area (spiral foraminous tract)
3) superior vestibular area
4) inferior vestibular area
Jugular foramen
("8"-shaped opening)
a) pars nervosa
+ foramen singulare
External base of the skull
a)
b)
b) pars venosa
Hypoglossal canal
Condylar canal
Aquaeductus of vestibule
External base of the skull
External base of the skull
Inner ear, vestibule
Opens with the aperture of aquaeductus of vestibule on
the posterior surface of the pyramid
Mastoid foramen
Petrooccipital fissure
Outer aspect of the skull
External base of the skull
Facial n. (VII. n.)
Vestibulocochlear n. (VIII. n.)
Vestibular ganglion (of Scarpa)
Labyrinthine a., v.
1) Facial n. (VII. n.)
2) Cochlear n. (from VIII. n.)
3) Utriculoampullary n. (from VIII. n.)
4) Saccular n. (from VIII. n.)
+ Post. ampullary n. (from VIII. n.)
a) Glossopharyngeal n. (IX. n.)
Vagus n. (X. n.)
Accessory n. (XI. n.)
Post. meningeal a.
b) Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal n. (n. XII.)
Condylar (occipital) emissary vein
Peri- and endolymphatic communication
(endolymphatic duct)
Mastoid emissary vein
(Petrooccipital synchondrosis)
5
Connections of the skull
Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
External base of the skull
Jugular foramen
("8"-shaped opening)
a) pars nervosa
From where (to where)
Posterior cranial fossa
a)
b)
b) pars venosa
Hypoglossal canal
Condylar canal
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Posterior cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Foramen lacerum
Middle cranial fossa
Contents
a) Glossopharyngeal n. (IX. n.)
Vagus n. (X. n.)
Accessory n. (XI. n.)
Post. meningeal a.
b) Internal jugular vein
Hypoglossal n. (XII. n.)
Condylar (occipital) emissary vein
Mandibular n. (V/3 n.)
Middle meningeal a. (main artery of the dura mater)
Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
- filled with cartilage
Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.)
Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.)
Internal carotid a.
Carotid canal
Middle cranial fossa
Stylomastoid foramen
the end of facial canal
Pterygoid canal (of Vidius)
Pterygopalatine fossa
Cochlear canaliculus
Inner ear
Perilymphatic connection
Tympanic cavity
Tympanic n. (from IX. n.)
Internal carotid plexus (sympathetic nerves)
Facial n. (VII. n.)
Stylomastoid a.
Nerve of the pterygoid canal:
- greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.)
- deep petrosal n. (sympathetic)
Artery of the pterygoid canal
opens on the inferior aspect of pyramid with the external
aperture
Tympanic canaliculus
starts from fossula petrosa
Musculotubarian canal
a) (Semi)canal for the tensor tympani muscle
b) (Semi)canal for the auditory tube
Mastoid canaliculus
starts from jugular fossa
Sphenopetrous fissure
Petrooccipital fissure
Inf. tympanic a.
Tympanic cavity
Tympanomastoid fissure
a) Tensor tympani muscle
b) Auditory (Eustachian) tube
Auricular branch of vagus n. (from X. n.)
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
(Sphenopetrous synchondrosis)
(Petrooccipital synchondrosis)
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Connections of the skull
Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
Pterygopalatine fossa (or sphenopalatine fossa)
Pterygoid canal (of Vidius)
From where (to where)
External base of the skull
Greater palatine canal
Oral cavity
Contents
Nerve of the pterygoid canal:
- greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.)
- deep petrosal n. (sympathetic)
Artery of the pterygoid canal
(opens with greater palatine foramen)
Lesser palatine canals
Greater palatine n. (from V/2 n.)
Descending palatine a.
Lesser palatine nerves (from V/2 n.)
(open with lesser palatine foramina)
Inferior orbital fissure I. (postero-medial part)
Orbit
Pterygomaxillary fissure
Infratemporal fossa
Foramen rotundum
Sphenopalatine foramen
Middle cranial fossa
Nasal cavity (common nasal meatus)
or pterygopalatine foramen
Infraorbital n., zygomatic n. (from V/2 n.)
Inferior ophtalmic vein.
Posterior superior alveolar nerves (from V/2 n.)
Maxillary a.
Maxillary n. (V/2 n.)
Superior posterior nasal nerves (from V/2 n.)
Sphenopalatine a.
Infratemporal fossa
Pterygomaxillary fisure
From where (to where)
Pterygopalatine fossa
Inferior orbital fissure II. (anterior, lateral part)
Foramen ovale
Foramen spinosum
Orbit
Middle cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Petrotympanic fissure (of Glaser)
Tympanic cavity
Contents
Posterior superior alveolar nerves (from V/2 n.)
Maxillary a.
Infraorbital a., v.
Mandibular n. (V/3 n.)
Middle meningeal a. (main artery of the dura mater)
Meningeal branch of mandibular n.
Chorda tympani (from VII. n.)
Ant. tympanic a.
Ant. malleolar ligament
Alveolar foramina
Leads to the upper teeth through the alveolar
canals of maxilla
Posterior superior alveolar arteries and nerves (from V/2 n.)
Petrosquamous fissure
Middle cranial fossa
-
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Connections of the skull
Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer
Revised by: dr. György Somogyi
Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005
Facial canal (Fallopian canal):
Beginning: in antero-superior quadrant of the base of the internal acoustic meatus.
End: stylomastoid foramen.
Facial canal has 3 different parts.
There are 3 canals arising from the facial canal:
Canal for the greater petrosal nerve
Opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid
Starts from the geniculum of the facial canal
with its own hiatus
Stapedius canaliculus
Tympanic cavity
Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.)
Stapedius n. (from VII. n.)
Starts from the 3rd, descending part of the facial canal
Canaliculus of chorda tympani
Tympanic cavity
Starts also from the 3rd, descending part of the facial canal
Chorda tympani (from VII. n.)
Post. tympanic a.
(found on the temporal bone, above mastoid process)
(found on parietal bone)
(found on occipital bone)
Mastoid emissary vein
Parietal emissary vein
Condylar (occipital) emissary vein
Diploic canals
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Diploic veins (frontal, temporal, occipital)
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Other openings (emissaries, diploe)
Mastoid foramen
Parietal foramen
Condylar canal
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Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology
Head: Prof. Csillag András
Postal address: 1450 Budapest, Pf. 95
Tel.: (36-1-) 459-1500 / 3600, Fax.: (36-1-) 215-5158
http://www.ana.sote.hu
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