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moles A mole is the number of atoms of an element (or molecules of a compound) that you find in the same mass in grams of an element (or compound) equal to its atomic (or molecular) mass. Its value - the number of particles - is 6.02 x 10^23, also called 602 sextillion (OK, ok... officially, it’s 602,214,085,774,000,000,000,000) So if you have 1 gram of Hydrogen that has molecular mass 1, you have 602 sextillion atoms of hydrogen. If you have 12 grams of Carbon, atomic mass 12, you have 602 sextillion carbon atoms. That’s about as much as four wafers from Oreo Thins. If you have 58 grams of NaCl, molecular mass 58, you have 602 sextillion molecules of salt. That’s about a handful of salt. If you have 197 grams of gold, atomic mass 197, you have 602 sextillion molecules of gold. And at $40 per gram, that would be $7,880 worth of gold. You need this in case you want to get elements combined in the right ratios. For methane, you need 4 atoms of hydrogen for every atom of carbon, so if you have 4 moles of hydrogen and 1 mole of carbon you have 2412 sextillion atoms of hydrogen and 602 sextillion atoms of carbon making the 4:1 ratio you need. 6.02 x 10^23 is known as Avogadro’s number, honoring Amodeo Avogadro, a very good pioneering chemist.