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Food Allergies Food Intolerances and Disabilities 8 Foods included in food allergy labeling required by FDA Milk Eggs Peanuts Tree Nuts Fish Shellfish Soy Wheat Food Allergy Sensitivity to chemical compounds (proteins) naturally found in food Develop after exposure to a food protein that body thinks is harmful It’s an abnormal response of the immune system to a particular food or food component Food allergies Involve 2 features of the human immune response 1) Production of immunoglobulin E ()IgE) A type of protein called an antibody that circulates through the blood 2) Mast cell releases histamine, a specific cell that occurs in all body tissues but is especially common in areas of body that are typical sites of allergic reactions (including nose & throat, lungs, skin & gastrointestinal tract Forming IgE Inherited predisposition First has to be exposed to the food As food is digested, it triggers certain cells to produce IgE in large amounts IgE released and hooks to Mast Cells Next time person eats the food it interacts with specific IgE & triggers the mast cells to release chemicals such as histamine The Allergic Reaction An allergic reaction to food can take place within a few minutes to hours. Symptoms of Food Allergy Rash or hives or eczema Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Tingling or itching in the mouth or skin Wheezing, nasal congestion or trouble breathing Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting Swelling of the lips, face, tongue, and throat, or other parts of the body Anaphylaxis No cure for food allergies Avoid the Offending Food is the only way to prevent a reaction Exercise-induced food allergy Some people have an allergic reaction to a food triggered by exercise Eating certain foods may cause person to feel itchy and lightheaded soon after they start exercising Not eating a couple of hours before exercising & avoiding certain foods may help prevent this problem Anaphylaxis Most severe allergic reaction Involves multiple systems at the same time Potentially fatal if medication not given promptly Can occur within minutes of exposure Peanut/tree nut allergies in combo with asthma is the highest risk If child has life-threatening allergies it is considered a disability in Child Nutrition Symptoms of Anaphylaxis Skin reactions, including hives along with itching, flushed or pale skin (almost always present with anaphylaxis) A feeling of warmth Constriction and tightening of airways A swollen throat or the sensation of a lump in the throat that makes it difficult to breathe Weak and rapid pulse Dizziness, lightheadedness or loss of consciousness Brochure What is a food Allergy? What are some common Food Allergies? Identify the Symptoms related to Food Allergies What do I do in case of an Allergic Reaction? At least 4 Pictures Tell the difference? ALLERGY Allergies can be triggered by even small amounts – occur every time food consumed Advised to avoid offending foods completely INTOLERANCE Intolerance is dose related Found through trial and error (food diary) Elimination diet and reintroduce foods one at a time Food Intolerances Lacks the chemicals called enzymes, necessary to properly digest certain proteins found in food Intolerances to some chemical ingredients added to food to provide color, taste, or protect against growth or bacteria Sulfites can be a source of intolerance (naturally or added to prevent growth of mold) Salicylates are group of plant chemicals found in many fruits, veg, juices Symptoms of Food Intolerance Nausea Stomach Pain Gas, cramps, bloating Vomiting Heartburn Diarrhea Headaches Irritability or Nervousness Disability Anyone who has a physical or mental impairment, which substantially limits one or more of he major life activities, has a record of such impairment, or is regarded as having such an impairment Determination can only be made by a licensed physician Common Food Related Disabilities Diabetes Celiac PKU Disease Diabetes The body cannot produce or use insulin Insulin = a hormone that helps the body to use glucose as energy Type 1 Type 2 (typically in adults) Type 1 Diabetes Normally, the hormone insulin helps glucose enter the child's cells to provide energy to the muscles and tissues. When working properly, once a child eats, the pancreas secretes more insulin into the bloodstream and it circulates & opens doors so sugar can enter the body’s cells. Type I -Pancreas produces little or no insulin Diabetes Blood sugar monitoring – many times a day Glucose monitoring (CGM) – newest way to monitor blood sugar levels (used as an additional tool to blood sugar monitoring) Insulin treatment Diabetes Lifestyle Considerations Healthy Eating - high in nutrition and low in fats and calories Fruits & vegetables, Whole Grains, Low fat/low sugar Physical Activity – can affect blood sugar levels up to 12 hrs. after exercise Type 2 Diabetes Most common in adults but on the rise in children – fueled by obesity Pancreas stops producing enough insulin Treated with diet/exercise and oral meds Prevention: Eat healthy foods Get more physical activity Manage weight Celiac Disease Genetically-based autoimmune disease characterized by sensitivity to the protein gluten Celiac Disease Dietary treatment Only treatment is gluten-free diet Cannot eat the protein from the following grains: Wheat, barley, rye, and hybrids of these grains These grains may be eaten: Corn, rice, sorghum, teff, wild rice, millet, amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat Celiac Disease Where is Gluten found? Flour, bread, bread products (e.g. pizza crust), pasta, and breakfast cereals May be an ingredient in many other foods including soups, hotdogs, gravies, and French fries Read food labels Wheat, barley, rye, malt, oats (due to gluten contamination), brewer’s yeast, modified food starch, Dextrin, Semolina, farina, durum flour, enriched flour, and graham flour Phenylketonuria (PKU) Cannot process the amino acid phenylalanine Dietary treatment: Low protein diet (to prevent increase in phenylalanine) Special formula to provide protein
