* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Civil War
Survey
Document related concepts
Tennessee in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Alabama in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Fort Sumter wikipedia , lookup
Virginia in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Union (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Mississippi in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Border states (American Civil War) wikipedia , lookup
United Kingdom and the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Origins of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
South Carolina in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
United States presidential election, 1860 wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Introduction Video The North vs the South The Union (North) • Nickname: The Yankees • Led by General Meade, then General Ulysses Grant • Insisted on keeping slavery out of new states • Confederacy attacked first at Fort Sumter The Confederacy (South) • Nickname: the Rebels • Led by General Lee • Insisted on the right to keep slavery • Wanted individual states’ rights • Lost the Battle of Gettysburg turning point in the war • General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia on April 9, 1865 The Main Causes of the Civil War Slavery • Was the main issue that all other issues stemmed from • Main cause of the war Nat Turner’s Revolt • Southampton County, Virginia • Turner led 70slaves in Virginia in an uprising • 55 whites were killed • The rebel slaves were captured • Revolt caused whites to form mobs, about 200 blacks were killed Results of the Revolt • Southern states tightened slave laws • Fear of other revolts spread throughout the South • More Northerners began to support the abolition of slavery Economics North • People made money in factories • People made money in businesses South • People made money from cotton • Cotton was grown on plantations • Slaves were needed to work on plantations The Compromises Missouri Compromise 1820 • Missouri became a slave state • Maine became a free state • Slaves would not be allowed above the 360 30’ latitude line • States above the line were free, states below the line were slave states • Worked until 1850 when California wanted to become a state Compromise of 1850 • California wanted to become a state but the line cut it in half – became a free state • States could vote on becoming free or slave states • Fugitive Slave Law was passed • Buying and selling slaves in Washington D.C. was now illegal, can still own them Fugitive Slave Law • Any slaves escaping from the South to the North could be captured and returned to their masters in the South • At times free blacks were captured by Bounty Hunters • If someone resisted a Bounty Hunter they could be punished • Many slaves fled to Canada (different government) • Temporarily kept the nation united Underground Railroad • Abolitionists helped slaves escape to the North • Underground Rail Road • Fredrick Douglas Uncle Tom’s Cabin • By Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852 • Purpose – “I would write something that would make this whole nation feel what an accursed thing slavery is.” – Harriet Beecher Stowe after the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law Act • Impact – Book helped Northerners and Europeans to see all slave owners as inhuman and cruel Kansas Nebraska Act – introduced by Stephen Douglas What the North got • Southern support for a northern transcontinental railroad What the South got • Popular Sovereignty would be used to decide if slavery would be allowed in the Kansas and Nebraska territories. • Missouri Compromise had forbidden slaver in these territories. Bleeding Kansas • People killed each other over the results of an election that allowed slavery in Kansas because of unfair voting • Result of the Kansas Nebraska Act Founding of the Republican Party • July 1854 • Upset with the Kansas Nebraska Act, members of the Free Soil, Whig, and Democratic Parties joined together to create the Republican Party • They opposed the expansion of slavery into the new territories Election of 1856 Republican Candidate • John C. Freemont – “Free soil, free speech free men, free labor.” Democratic Candidate • James Buchanan • Individual states and territories should decide on the future of slavery within their borders • He won Dred Scott Decision - 1857 • Scott was a slave in Missouri • His master took him to Wisconsin, a free state, and then returned to Missouri • Scott sued saying he should be free • Supreme Court Decision – Scott was not a U.S. citizen, so he could not sue – Slaves were property so the government could not exclude slavery from any state – The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional Lincoln-Douglas Debates - 1858 Abraham Lincoln Stephen Douglas Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Both were vying for the U.S. Senate seat for Illinois • Agreed to debate each other 7 times • Slavery was the main topic in the debates • Douglas won the election, but Lincoln gained national attention and the 1860 Presidential nomination for the Republican Party John Brown’s Raid • October 16, 1859 • Harper’s Ferry, Virginia • John Brown, his sons and former slaves attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry • He wanted to use the weapons to arm Virginia slaves to revolt against their masters • They failed, were captured and executed by hanging • • • Letters Newspaper clips Eyewitness account Election Before the War 1860 The North and South had different candidates Election of 1860 Northern Democratic Candidate Southern Democratic Candidate • Stephen Douglas • John Breckinridge – Enforce the Fugitive Slave Act – Allow territories to vote on the practice of slavery – Unrestricted expansion of slavery – Annexation (taking over) of Cuba Election of 1860 Republican Candidate • Abraham Lincoln – No expansion of slavery – Protective tariffs – Internal improvements Constitutional Union Party Candidate • John Bell – Preserve the Union Election of 1860 Results – Who won? Abraham Lincoln Southern States Secede • December 20, 1860 – South Carolina voted to secede from the Union • Many Southerners in President Buchanan’s cabinet resigned and his administration fell apart • When Buchanan became president, there were 32 states in the Union. When he left, there were 25. Confederate States of America • Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas joined South Carolina in voting to secede. • They create the Confederate States of America. • Elected Jefferson Davis as their president. • Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee joined the Confederacy after the attack on Fort Sumter. • • • • • Dark red – states that seceded before April 15, 1861 Red – states that seceded after April 15, 1861 Yellow – Union states that permitted slavery Blue – Union states that forbade slavery Grey – territories, unaffiliated Fort Sumter • Fort Sumter – Immediate problem posed by the secession of the southern states were two forts held by Federal troops were now located in the Confederate States of America – Fort Sumter in South Carolina was cut off from Federal supplies and reinforcements – Buchanan refused to act with force during his last days as president and left the problem for Lincoln The Fighting Begins • Lincoln announced he would send provisions to the troops at Ft. Sumter • At 4am on April 12, 1861, South Carolina fired upon Ft. Sumter and the Civil War began • • • • Fighting Begins Crisis at Ft. Sumter Eyewitness Account Ft. Sumter Surrenders