Download Vertebrates

Vertebrates
Fish, Amphibians,
Reptiles, Birds,
Mammals
Vertebrates
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Backbone or vertebral column
Protects spine
gives support
Endoskeleton
Support
Shape
grows
Phylum Chordata
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Nerve cord – hollow tube near back
Notochord
Beneath nerve cord
Throat with gill slits
Groups of Chordates
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Eight Groups
Six are ectotherms
Rely on environment for heat
“cold blooded”
Two are endotherms
Maintain their body heat
“warm blooded”
What to do next
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Color code the embryos
Do section review on page 2 of your packet
(pg 62 of your text)
Complete directed reading on page 3 of your
packet
FISH
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Evolved 540 mya
Water dwelling vertebrates
Scales
Fins
Throat with gill slits
Jawless Fish
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Most primitive
No scales
No fins
No jaw
No bones
Examples- hagfish
and lamprey
Cartilaginous Fish
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Skeleton made of
cartilage
Tooth-like scales
No swim bladder
Sharks, skates, and
rays
Bony Fish
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Have a swim bladder
Gives the ability to float or sink
Color vision
Lateral line that senses movement
Fish Diagram
What to do next?
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Color and label fish diagram
Do crossword
Do section review on page 6 of packet (pg 67
in your text)
Complete directed reading on page 7 of your
packet
AMPHIBIANS
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Ectotherms
Term amphibian means “double life”
Live on land and water – soft eggs
Goes through metamorphosis
Caecilians
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Legless amphibian
Lives in damp soil in
the tropics
Eats small
invertebrates
Thin moist skin
Small eyes under skin
but are blind
Salamander
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390 known species
Eats small vertebrates
Long tail and four small
legs
How Frogs and Toads are Alike
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90% of all amphibians are frogs and toads
Found all over the world
Highly adapted for life on land
Sticky tongues that are attached to the front
of the mouth instead of the back
Strong legs for jumping
Ears
Vocal cords
Frog Life Cycle
What to do next
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Fill out the Venn diagram that
compares/contrasts a toad and a frog
Color pictures
Do section review on page 9 of packet (pg 72
of textbook)
Directed Reading on page 10 of packet
REPTILES
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Thick, dry skin
Ectotherms
Lungs to breathe
Evolved 35 mya
Strong vertical legs
Most lay thick rubbery eggs. This allows
them to reproduce on land
Reptile eggs
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Shell - protects the egg
Albumen – provides water and protein
Amniotic sac - protects embryo
Yolk - provides food
Allantois – stores waste and passes oxygen
Labeling the egg
Lizards
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About 4,000 species
Live in deserts, jungle, forests and
grasslands
Most eat small invertebrates and plants but
some are strictly herbivores
The tail of some lizards separate from the
body when the lizard is grabbed. The tail that
is left behind wriggles, confusing the other
animal.
Turtles and Tortoises
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250 species
Slow and inflexible
Protective shell
Live on land and water
Are distant relatives of most other reptiles
Snakes
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About 1600 species
No legs
Scales on belly pull
snake forward
Carnivores with a good
sense of smell
Alligators and Crocodiles
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Eyes and nose on top of headso they can
hide under water
Carnivores
Spend most of their time in water
22 different species
Alligators and Crocodiles
What’s Next?
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Do amphibians and reptiles crossword puzzle page
16
Do section reviews on page 13 of your packet (page
77 in your text)
Do chapter review on page 14 of your packet (page
82 of your text) questions
6-12. Use complete sentences.
Complete study guide on page 15 of packet
Birds
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Endotherms (warm-blooded)
Egg-laying vertebrates
4 types
-perching birds – sparrows, robins etc.
-bird of prey- owls, hawks etc.
-waterfowl – ducks, geese etc.
-flightless- penguins, ostrich etc.
Feathers
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Adapted for flight
Contour feathers –
large, broad
Down – small, used for
insulation
Not all birds fly
Adaptations
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Beak – cracking, drilling
Feet – wading, scratching
Which food goes with which
bird?
A few feet
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good for perching
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good for swimming
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good for capturing prey
Respiration
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Air sacs
- give constant oxygen (fuel)
- give enough energy for flight
lungs
Circulation
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Double-loop circulatory system keeps
oxygenated blood separate from deoxygenated blood
Bones
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Birds have “hollow” bone that makes them
lightweight
Have trusses inside bone for strength
Complex Behaviors
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Song
- protects territory
- mating
- calling
Migrate
Flight adaptations
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Feathers and wings
Hollow bones
Keel and strong flight muscles
Large eyes
Increased heart rate
Increased respiration
High body temperature
y
What to do next
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Label the parts of the feather
Do section review on page 21 of packet (page 94
questions 1-5)
Do section review on page 22 of your packet (page
97 of your text)
Do crossword puzzle on page 22 of your packet
Complete reading guide on page 23 of your packet
Class Mammalia
5 Characteristics of all Mammals
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Hair
Mammary Glands and a diaphragm
Most Sweat
Endothermic
Three Classes
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Monotremes
Marsupials
Placental
MonotremesEchidnas and duck billed platypus
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Egg laying – leathery eggs
“furred reptiles” - Babies lick milk from
mother’s fur
Marsupials
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Pouched
Inside pouches are mammary glands
Infants are born not fully developed and move to
pouch to finish development
Different age babies can live in pouch at the same
time
Live mostly in Australia, New Guinea, and South
America
Kangaroos, opossums, koalas, Tasmanian devils,
wallabies
Placental
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Most mammals are placental
Embryos stay inside mother until fully developed
Babies are born like smaller adults
Placenta are special attachments from embryo to uterus
Placenta supplies food and oxygen
Placenta also removes waste
Gestation period is the time it takes for an embryo to develop
Gestation ranges from a few weeks to almost 2 years
depending on the species
Toothless Mammals
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Only anteaters are
completely toothless.
The rest have small
teeth
Catch insects with long,
sticky tongues
Anteaters, aardvarks,
armadillos, sloth
Insect Eating
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Also called insectivores
Live everywhere except
Australia and Antarctica
Have very small brains
Few specialized teeth
thin long pointed nose
Rodents
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More than 1/3 of all mammals are rodents
Found everywhere except Antarctica
Most are small
Have long, sensitive whiskers
All rodents have sharp front teeth for
gnawing
Lagomorphs (rabbits)
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Have sharp gnawing teeth
Have two sets of incisors in their upper jaws
Have short tails
Sensitive noses, large ears, and eyes to
detect predators
Flying Mammals
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Bats are the only mammals that can fly
Use echolocation to find prey
Nocternal
Flying squirrels ARE NOT part of this group!
Carnivores
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Meat eaters
Large canine teeth
Can be found in both land and water
Includes lions and seals
Hoofed Mammals
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Adapted for quick running
Large flat molars for grinding, Herbivores
Also known as Ungulates
Two groups based on number of toes
Odd Toed
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Order Perissodactyls
One or three toes
Horses, tapirs, rhinos
Tapirs have four toes on front but three on
back
Even Toed
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Order Artiodactyla
Two or four toes
Foot has greater flexibility than Odd Toed
Pigs, camels, cows, giraffes, hippos
Trunked-Nosed
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Elephants are the only ones
Very agile trunk to pick up small objects
Three species – African Savanna, Asian, and African
Forest
African Forest elephant is a newly name species
Herbivores
Largest land mammal
Two year gestation period
Poached for ivory
Cetaceans
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Whales, dolphins, porpoise
Use echolocation
Have lungs,blowholes are modified nostrils
Blubber
Some have teeth, some do not
Sirenia
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Manatees
Herbivores
AKA sea cows
Can live for over 70 years
Primates
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Binocular vision
Opposable thumbs
Color vision
Flattened nails
Specialized teeth for omnivore diet
Small noses so vision is very important