Download Hitler wanted it to unite all German speaking people into 1 country

OBJECTIVES
• Identify the types of governments that took power
in Germany, Russia, Italy and Japan after World
War I.
• Explain Hitler’s motives and strategies for
expansion and how Britain, France, the Soviet
Union, and the U.S. responded.
• Compare and contrast the reactions of the allies to
Nazi Germany with the actions taken today
against totalitarian governments.
APPEASEMENT
• Appeasement=giving someone something they want in order to keep
the peace.
• The League of Nations (original United Nations) is more concerned with
the worldwide Great Depression than with Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin or
Tojo invading other countries.
• The League of Nations gave these dictators what they wanted in order to
avoid another World War.
GREAT PURGE 1934-38
• Great Purge 1934-38:The cruel reign of Josef
Stalin as General Secretary of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union was probably the
bleakest period in Russia’s history. During this
time, millions of ordinary Russian Citizens died
in exile or in one of the many Gulag’s (labor
camps) set up to accommodate countless
prisoners, the vast majority of whom were
incarcerated for no other reason than the fact
that their views differed to that of their leader.
• The Great Purge removed all of Stalin’s
opposition from power. About 1.2 million
Russian citizens were killed.
ADOLF HITLER
• At the end of WWI Hitler
was a jobless ex-soldier
drifting around Germany.
• 1919 Hitler joined the
National Socialist German
Workers’ party (Nazi Party).
• Hitler quickly became the
leader of the Nazi party
because of his abilities as a
powerful public speaker
and organizer.
• Hitler promised to bring
Germany out of the
economic depression.
ELEMENTS OF NAZISM
In his book Mein Kampf (My Struggle), Hitler set forth the basic
beliefs of Nazism.
1. Hitler wanted to unite all German-speaking people in a
great German empire (3rd Reich=1000 year empire).
2. Hitler wanted to make Germany larger in size in order to
compete with Russia (Lebensraum=living space).
3. Hitler wanted to enforce racial “purification”.
• In his views Germans – especially blue-eyed, blondhaired “Aryans” formed the “master race” or the ideal
German, destined to rule the world.
• Jews, Slavs, and all nonwhites were deemed “inferior
races” and should be eliminated.
NAZI TAKEOVER IN GERMANY
• The Great Depression and the Treaty of Versailles helped
the Nazis come to power.
• By 1932 roughly 6 million Germans were unemployed.
• Many unemployed men joined Hitler’s private army, the
Storm Troopers.
• Out of desperation the German people turned to Hitler
and Nazism as their last hope.
• By the end of 1932 The Nazis had become the strongest
political party in Germany.
• In January 1933, Hitler was appointed chancellor of
Germany. He tales over as President after the
President of Germany dies.
• Once in power Hitler dismantled the Weimar
Republic. He also combines the positions of President
and Chancellor=Fuhrer.
• In its place Hitler established the Third Reich (the
Third German Empire).
THE FACES OF TOTALITARIANISM
Fascist Italy
• Extreme nationalism
• Militaristic expansionism
• Charismatic leader
• Private property with
strong government controls
• Anticommunist
Nazi Germany
• Extreme Nationalism and
racism
• Militaristic expansionism
• Forceful leader
• Private property with
strong government controls
• Anticommunist
Communist Soviet Union
• Create a sound communist
state and wait for world
revolution
• Revolution by workers
• Eventual rule by working
class
• State ownership of property
JAPAN
• Nationalistic military leaders (militarists) in Japan
were trying to take control of the imperial
government.
• Hideki Tojo was appointed to be the Prime Minister
of Japan. Tojo took control of the military and
control of the government.
• These leaders were interested in expanding Japans
boarders to provide more living space for the
growing Japanese population.
• 1931 the militarists launched a surprise attack on China.
• The militarists quickly seized control of the Chinese
province of Manchuria.
• The League of Nations condemned Japans actions.
• In response Japan quit the League of Nations.
• The successful invasion of Manchuria put the militarists
firmly in control of Japan’s government.
HANDOUT: USE PAGES 532-541
1) Put the following invasions or actions in order
by date: Ethiopia, Rhineland,
Netherlands/Belgium/Luxembourg, Poland,
Sudetenland, German military buildup,
Austria, Britain, France, Germany exits
League of Nations, Czechoslovakia,
Denmark/Norway, Baltic States.
2) What explanation, excuse, or reasoning was
given for the action?
3) What action against Hitler was taken by the
allies after each invasion?
ANSWERS
1)
Germany exits League of Nations.
2)
Invasion of Ethiopia by Italy.
3)
German military buildup.
4)
Invasion of Rhineland.
5)
Invasion of Austria.
6)
Invasion of Sudetenland.
7)
Invasion of Czechoslovakia.
8)
Invasion of Poland.
9)
Invasion of Baltic States by the Soviet Union.
10) Invasion of Denmark and Norway.
11) Invasion of Netherland, Belgium, and Luxembourg.
12) Invasion of France.
13) Battle of Britain.
EUROPE
1933-1936
• In 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League of
Nations. Why? Because he intends to start a war!
• In 1935 Mussolini invades and takes over Ethiopia.
Why? Oil fields and following same game plan as the Old
Roman Empire.
• Also in 1935 Hitler massively builds up his military.
• In 1936 Hitler attacks and takes over the Rhineland,
an area of land between France and Germany, with
orders to retreat if the French retaliated. Hitler wanted to
unite all German speaking people under 1 flag. The
French didn’t want to involve themselves so Hitler
concluded that if he attacked Eastern Europe the French
would continue to no get involved. He was right.
INVASION OF AUSTRIA
• Austria’s people favored
unification with Germany
because the people are
German.
• On March 12th, 1938, German
troops marched into German
speaking Austria unopposed.
• The next day Germany
announced that the union with
Austria was complete.
• The United States, the League
of Nation, and rest of the world
did nothing to protest or stop
Germany.
INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
• About 3 million German-speaking
people lived in the western border
regions of Czechoslovakia (the
Sudetenland). Hitler wanted it to
unite all German speaking people
into 1 country AND to provide more
living space for Germany.
• Hitler’s Excuse: Czech’s were
abusing the Germans there.
• Hitler promises Britain and France
that the Sudetenland is his “last
territorial demand.”
• In an attempt to avoid war, France,
Britain, and Germany signed the
Munich Pact on September 30, 1938.
• The Munich Agreement/Pact: turned
the Sudetenland over to Germany
without a single shot being fired.
INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
• In Britain, Winston
Churchill viewed the
signing of the Munich
Pact as an adoption of
appeasement.
• Appeasement: Giving
someone something
they want in order to
keep the peace.
• Churchill warned that
Hitler would not stop at
the Sudetenland.
• On March 15, 1939,
German troops invaded
the rest of
Czechoslovakia and
quickly took it over.
INVASION OF POLAND
• The majority of Poland’s
population was German
speaking.
• Hitler’s excuse: German
Poles were being mistreated.
• August 23, 1939 Stalin and
Hitler sign the
Nonaggression Pact.
• Germany and the Soviet
Union commit to not
attack each other.
• With the dangers of a twofront war eliminated German
Invaded Poland.
• The Soviet Union and
Germany split Poland in half.
Germany takes the Western
half and the Soviets take the
Eastern half.
BLITZKRIEG IN POLAND
• September 1, 1939 Germany
launched it Blitzkrieg in Poland.
• Blitzkrieg (lightning war): Used
advances in military technology,
such as fast tanks and more
powerful aircraft, to secure the
air and ground with the Air Force.
The ground troops come in
afterwards to secure the cities.
• WAR DECLARED: September 3,
Britain and France declared war
on Germany.
• Major fighting in Poland was
over in 3 weeks.
INVASION OF THE BALTIC STATES
• The Soviet Union also
invaded Poland from the
east, seizing what was
left of Poland.
• After occupying eastern
Poland, Stalin began
annexing the Baltic
States of Estonia, Latvia,
and Lithuania (The area
taken away from the
Soviets in the Treaty of
Versailles).
• In late 1939, Stalin sent
the Soviet army into
Finland.
• After 3 months of
fighting the Finns
surrendered.
OTHER MAJOR INVASIONS
• April 9, 1940, Hitler
launched a surprise
invasion of Denmark and
Norway.
• Hitler planned to use these
countries to build bases
from which he could easily
strike Great Britain.
• Hitler next invaded the
Netherlands, Belgium, and
Luxembourg, all of which
were overrun and in
German control by the end
of May, 1940.
THE FALL OF FRANCE
• Only takes 6 weeks for Hitler to
conquer France.
• Hitler attacks France by going through
the Ardennes forest in Northern
France and attacking Paris from the
North.
• The Italians attack France and Paris
from the south
• This German offensive in France
trapped almost 400,000 British and
French soldiers along the beaches of
France.
• The nearly 330,000 British, French,
and Belgian troops were evacuated to
Britain by boat.
• June 22, 1940 France surrendered.
• Germany occupied northern France,
setting up a Nazi-controlled
government.
THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN
• Germany launched an air war on
Britain in the summer of 1940.
• Luftwaffe (German air force)
began making bombing runs over
Britain.
• Every night for two months
roughly 2,000 German planes
bombed London, and the rest of
Britain.
• Britain installed a new piece of
technology (radar) on every British
air plane. Radar saved the British
from being defeated by Hitler.
• One night the RAF (British Air
force) shot down 185 German
planes.
• Hitler eventually called off the
invasion of Britain.
EXIT SLIP
• What position/policy/actions did the allies
take against Hitler prior to the invasion of
Poland?
• What lessons about Dictators did the U.S.
learn from WWII?
BELL QUIZ: USE WHAT YOU
LEARNED FROM LAST TIME
AND/OR PAGES 532-541.
1. What excuse did Hitler continually give to the
League of Nations for explaining German
expansion?
2. How did the allies respond to Hitler’s actions?
3. Why did the U.S. try to stay neutral?
4. Does appeasement work? Explain yourself.
5. Does the current U.S. foreign policy have anything
to do with the lessons learned from WWII? Explain.