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AP Biology Organism Form and Function Unit 5: Digestive System Outline J. Miller Learning Objectives: 4.8 The student is able to evaluate scientific questions concerning organisms that exhibit complex properties due to the interaction of their constituent parts. 4.9 The student is able to predict the effects of a change in a component(s) of a biological system on the functionality of an organism(s). 4.10 The student is able to refine representations and models to illustrate biocomplexity due to interactions of the constituent parts. 4.18 The student is able to use representations and models to analyze how cooperative interactions within organisms promote efficiency in the use of energy and matter. Lecture Outline: I. II. Nutrition A. Organic Compounds 1. Carbohydrates 2. Fats 3. Protein B. Essential Minerals (inorganic elements) 1. Calcium 2. Phosphorous 3. Sulfur 4. Sodium and potassium 5. Chlorine (chloride ions) 6. Iron 7. Flourine 10. Iodine A. Vitamins (are organic substances) 1. General 2. Vitamin A 3. Vitamin D 4. Vitamin E 5. Vitamin K 6. Vitamin B1 – Thiamine 7. Vitamin B2 – Riboflavin 8. B3 Niacin (Nicotinic acid) 9. Folic Acid (Folate) 10. Vitamin B12 11. Vitamin C –Ascorbic Acid 12. B6 General Information A. Important definitions 1. Ingestion 2. Digestion 3. Absorption 4. Elimination Necessity of food Digestive tract Muscles of the digestive tract Function of Digestive System III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. IX. X. XI. B. C. D. E. Mouth A. Tongue and Palates B. Teeth – cut, tear, and crush food C. Salivary glands (3) D. Swallowing Pharynx Esophagus A. Muscular tube B. Functions: Stomach A. Structure B. Stomach wall composition 1. glandular cells- gastric pits 2. secretions C. Functions 1. Chemicals 2. Muscular movement 3. Absorption Duodenum A. Location B. Structure Pancreas A. Location B. Enzymes secreted C. Secretion control 1. nervous 2. hormonal D. Insulin E. Glucagon Liver A. Location B. Functions C. Gall bladder and bile duct Jejunum and Ileum A. Structure and Function B. Enzymes secreted C. Enterocrinin Large Intestine (colon) XII. XIII. A. Structure B. Functions Motility of the Gastro-intestinal Tract A. Peristalsis in stomach 1. Chemical 2. Gastric emptying B. Movements in small intestine 1. Segmentation 2. Peristalsis 3. Pendular C. Movements in large intestine Appetite