Download Personal encylopedia

Personal encylopedia
Alternate segment theorem: the angle between the tangent and chord at the point of contact is equal
to the angle in the alternate segment.
Arc of a circle: a connected section of the circumference. Calculating its length.
Associative law: it doesn't matter how you group the numbers (i.e. which you calculate first) when you
add or multiply.
Chord: a line joining two points on a circle.
Circle theorems: e.g. proving the angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a circle is double that at
any point on the circumference.
Commutative law: you can swap numbers over and still get the same answer when you add or
multiply.
Constructing polygons within a circle: hexagons and pentagons.
Convert a recurring decimal to a fraction.
Cosine rule: a squared = b squared + c squared - 2bc cosA
Difference between 'equation', 'formula', 'identity' and 'expression': an equation contains unknown
quantities and can be solved for x e.g. 3x + 2 = 11; a formula links one unknown quantities to others
e.g. A = 2r; an identity is true whatever the value of the unknown quantities e.g. 2(x + y) = 2x + 2y; an
expression contains unknown quantities but no equals sign.
Distributive law: you get the same answer when you (a) mutliply a number by a group of numbers
added together or (b) do each multiplication separately and then add them.
Frequency density: the frequency of values divided by the class width of values.
Frustrum of a cone: a truncated cone or pyramid where the plane cutting off the apex is parrallel to
the base.
Instrumental and relational understanding: the former is the application of rules without knowing
why, the latter the understanding of what to do and why to do it (Skemp, 1976)
Lines and line segments: Lines are a collection of points that stretch to infinity - a line segment exists
between two points.
Mean from grouped data
Mixed numbers consist of an integer and a fraction.
Perpendicular from the centre to a chord bisects the chord
Prime factor decomposition: Breaking numbers down into their prime factors and writing numbers as
a product of their prime factors, including the use of index form.
(download)
Proof that the angles in a quadrilaterial add up to 360 degrees: using proof of the angles in a
triangle.
Proof that the angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees: using properties of parrallel lines
Properties of angles
(download)
Properties of parrallelograms
Quadratic equations: and how to factorise them.
Quadrilaterals: types and properties.
Quartiles and interquartile range: Quartiles are the boundaries between four quarters of numbers,
and the interquartile range is the range between the first and third quartile.
SAS etc. triangles and why SSA triangles aren't unique.
Scalar multiple of a vector
Sector and segment: sector is a pizza slice, a segment is the area contained between a chord and a
circumference. Includes how to measure the area of a sector.
Short division: Much like long division, but quicker and emphasises the spoken method more. Take as
many digits of the dividend from the LHS such that the divisor is contained at least once, then write the
remainder next to the next digit.
Sine rule: a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C
Surds: square roots that cannot be reduced to a whole number.
Tangent: a line that touches a circle at just one point.
Tangents from an external point: and how to use this fact.
Tessellations: shapes that fit together but aren't square.
The unitary method involves altering an equation so that one variable equals 1, to make the equation
easier to solve e.g. a man walks 15 miles in 10 hours, how fast does he walk? If you divide both sides
by 10, you find he walks 1.5 miles in 1 hour, so his speed is 1.5 miles per hour.
Triangular numbers: numbers the objects forming an equilateral triangle i.e. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15...
Vector notation
Vector operations