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Name: ______________________________ Mitosis Mitosis is a type of division that produces a __________ of a cell. This kind of cell division is necessary to replace your skin if you have a wound – or just to replace the over 100 billion skin cells you lose every day! Mitosis is also the type of division that takes place in _________________ _________________. (Bacteria and amoebas are examples of two organisms that reproduce asexually.) Asexual reproduction makes copies of the original – kind of like a copy machine. Parent Cell The starting point in the reproduction of a cell. The chromatin, _________ _____________, are a tangled mess of hair-like fibers inside the nuclear membrane. Prophase The chromatin bunch up and form an X and are now called chromosomes. In the cytoplasm, structures called spindle fibers form to guide the chromosomes to the opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear membrane (surrounds the nucleus) breaks down and releases the chromosomes into the ___________________ in the cell. Metaphase The chromosomes line-up in the ______________ of the cell and each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber. Anaphase The chromosomes split in half – making chromatids – which then move ____________ from each other along the spindle fibers toward opposite ends of the cell. Notice the similarities in words – chromatin and chromatids – but also notice the different definitions. Telophase The cell membrane pinches together to meet in the middle and forms _____ _____________ ________. During this process the nuclear membrane reforms, spindle fibers are absorbed into the cytoplasm, and chromatids unravel back into a tangled mess. The two cells that we end up with are called Daughter Cells. They become the new Parent Cells. Results of mitosis: 1. 2. Purposes of mitosis: 1. 2. Name: ______________________________ Meiosis Meiosis is a type of cell division where cells divide in half __________. This is the kind of cell division that takes place to produce gametes, sex cells like __________ and _________. Meiosis is the type of division that takes place so sexual reproduction is possible. The cells that are produced because of meiosis are what combine to ultimately produce an offspring. Sexual reproduction produces a wide variety of end results – a lot of ____________. Just look at all the different people around you! Parent Cell The beginning stage in the reproduction of a cell. The chromatin, genetic material, are a tangled mess of hair-like fibers inside the _______________ __________________. Prophase 1 The chromatin __________ ______ and form an X and are now called chromosomes. In the cytoplasm, structures called spindle fibers form to guide the chromosomes to the opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear membrane (surrounds the nucleus) breaks down and releases the chromosomes into the cytoplasm in the cell. Metaphase 1 The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and each ____________ attaches to a spindle fiber. Anaphase 1 Half of the chromosomes move along the ___________ ___________ away from each other toward each end of the cell. Telophase 1 The ________ ________________ pinches together to meet in the middle and forms two daughter cells. During this process the nuclear membrane reforms, spindle fibers are absorbed into the cytoplasm and chromatids unravel back into a tangled mess. Prophase 2 In the cytoplasm, structures called ___________ ____________ form to guide the chromosomes to the opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear membrane breaks down and releases the chromosomes into the cytoplasm in the cell. Metaphase 2 The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and each _____________ attaches to a spindle fiber. Anaphase 2 The chromosomes __________ in half – making chromatids – which then move along the spindle fibers away from each other toward opposite ends of the cell. Name: ______________________________ Telophase 2 The cell membrane pinches together to meet in the middle and forms two daughter cells from each of the originals – giving us a total of ___________ daughter cells. During this process the nuclear membrane reforms, spindle fibers are absorbed into the cytoplasm and chromatids unravel back into a tangled mess. Results of meiosis: 1. 2. Purposes of meiosis: 1. 2. Asexual reproduction: production of an offspring genetically identical to the parent; only one organism is necessary for this to occur Chromatid: one-half of a chromosome Chromatin: nucleic acids and proteins that bunch up to form chromosomes; genetic material Chromosome: contains the genetic material of the organism Daughter Cells: the cells that are made by cell division Gamete: sex cell Nuclear membrane: the outer boundary of the nucleus (similar to the cell membrane) Offspring: the organism created by either asexual or sexual reproduction Parent Cell: the cell before cell division begins Sexual reproduction: production of a genetically unique individual by joining two sex cells (like a sperm and an egg combining) Spindle fibers: objects that form at both ends of a cell in the cytoplasm that indicate which way the chromosomes will split during cell division