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UNIT 3 PRE-READING
CHAPTER 1
1. Looking at figure 1.7
a. Electron goes to Cl
b. Full outer valence shell
c. +/- Attraction
2. According to figure 1.8
a. Sharing electrons
b. Full outer valence shells
3. According to figure 1.9
a. Electrons spend more time at 1 atom
b. zero
c. oxygen
4. According to figure 1.10
a. Weak attraction between partial positive H and slightly negative element
from another molecule
b. Oxygen bonds twice
5. After studying figure 1.12 and 1.13
a. Denotes the acidity and alkalinity of solution.
b. In the acidic range
6. Looking at figure 1.15
a. All have C surrounded by hydrogen’s
b. The C in a has 4 hydrogen’s around it and none of the C’s in b have 4
hydrogen’s
c. Nitrogen and oxygen
d. A covalent bond
7. Look at the chart in figure 1.16
a. Bad question
8. According to the legend for fig. 1.16
a. Long chains of similar subunits
9. According to figure 1.17
a. Straight chain or ring
b. After glucose enters the cell
10. After studying figure 1.18
a. water
11. According to the legend for figure 1.18 why can’t humans digest cellulose?
a. We don’t have the enzyme to break it down
12. After studying figure 1.19
a. water
b. 3 fatty acids: 1 gylcerol
13. According to figure 1.20
a. Phosphate group, glycerol and fatty acids
b. Polar heads are associated with the water and the nonpolar tails face away
from the water
c. Allows a membrane to form which prevents the cell contents from mixing
with the external environment.
d. Part of the membrane, hormones
14. see figure 1.21
a. Amino group
b. Acid group
c. H
d. Variable group (R-group)
15. After studying figure 1.22
a. water
b. the acid group
c. the amino group
16. After studying figure 1.23 list the stages in the development of a protein
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. quaternary
17. After studying figure 1.24
a. Ribose and deoxyribose
b. Ribose has an extra OH
18. Study figure 1.25
a. All: rings, have N, have double bonds
b. Differences: two are double rings, not all have a double bonded O or a
NH2 side chain
19. According to figure 1.26
a. Sugar
b. Phosphate
c. Nitrogenous base or just base
20. see figure 1.27
a. sugar and phosphate
21. What are the differences between DNA and RNA? (see figure 1.28)
a. DNA is double stranded, has deoxyribose and thymine
b. RNA is single stranded, has ribose and uracil
22. According to figure 1.31
a. A pairs with ___T___ and C pairs with ___G______
b. Double helix
c. 10
23. According to figure 1.32 is RNA always single stranded? Explain.
a. No , tRNA, rRNA, and enzymatic functions
CHAPTER 8
1. Figure 8.2 shows the cell cycle. List the parts and what happens in them.
a. G1 = growth
b. G0 = stasis
c. S = DNA replication
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
d. G2 = growth
e. Mitosis and cytokinesis = DNA and cell divides
According to figure 8.4 what are the three major parts of replication
a. Unwind
b. Unzip (H bonds broken)
c. New nucleotides added
Figure 8.3 shows that G pairs with ____C____ and A pairs with ______T_____
According to figure 8.5
a. Leading strand is continuous
b. Lagging strand occurs in short segments
According to figure 8.7 what are nucleosomes?
a. DNA wrapped around histone proteins
Figure 8.9
a. Enzymes remove part of one strand from the mismatched section
b. Synthesize a replacement that matches the intact strand
c. Bond the new nucleotides
What is the etymology of mutagen and excise?
a. Mutagen = mutat- to change gen- creating or producing
b. Ex – out
cise- cut
CHAPTER 9
1. Look at figure 9.3 and read the caption
a. Nucleotides on the tRNA that pair with the nucleotides on the mRNA
2. Figure 9.4
a. Left side for first base, top for second base and right side for the third base
in the codon
3. Using figure 9.4 what is the amino acid for CAG?
a. glutamine
4. According to figure 9.9
a. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
5. According to figure 9.10
a. A=T, C=G, A=U
6. According to figure 9.11
a. Initiation, elongation, termination
7. Using figure 9.13 describe RNA processing.
a. Poly A tail added
b. Methyl-guanine added to the cap
c. Introns are cut out
8. According to figure 9.14
a. Stabilizes the molecule
9. According to figure 9.15
a. how many sites are in a ribosome? 3
b. What sites does the charged tRNA come into?
A
c. What site holds the tRNA with the growing train? P
10. Answer the question with figure 9.20
Cycteine, glycine, leucine