Download Chapter 3 Study Guide What is a rock? A naturally formed solid that

Chapter 3 Study Guide
1) What is a rock?
A naturally formed solid that is usually made up of one or more types of
minerals
2) How are rocks and minerals different?
Rocks have two of the four characteristics of a mineral: form in nature and
are solids
3) What are some uses for rocks?
Building materials, source of metals, statues and art, roads/highways
4) What are the three types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
5) What is the rock cycle?
The set of natural processes that form, change, break down, and re-form
rocks
6) Draw a diagram of the rock cycle. Be sure to include the descriptions of how
each type of rock forms (Hint: use your notes).
7) Which type of rock is most common on Earth’s surface?
sedimentary
8) Which types of rock are most common in Earth’s crust?
Igneous and metamorphic
9) What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
Intrusive means that the magma cools within the Earth; extrusive means that
lava cools on Earth’s surface
10)What is the most common intrusive rock?
Granite
11) What causes igneous rocks to have large crystals?
Earth’s interior is hot, magma cools slowly
12)What causes igneous rocks to have small crystals?
Surface of earth is cooler than interior, lava cools quickly
13)What are sediments?
Materials that settle out of water or air
14)How do sedimentary rocks form?
Layers of sediment that build up on land or underwater, and become
cemented together by minerals.
15)Some sedimentary rocks form from plants or shells. Explain.
The shells and plants break down and become compressed into rock.
16)Describe how limestone forms.
Shells and tiny organisms break down and re-form into limestone in water.
17)What is metamorphism?
The process in which an existing rock is changed by heat or pressure
18)What is recrystallization?
The process of heat and pressure breaking the bonds that join atoms
together, and then rejoining differently as new bonds form.
19)What is foliation?
An arrangement of minerals in flat or wavy parallel bands
20)What is the difference between a foliated and nonfoliated rock?
Foliated rocks occur when minerals flatten out or line up in bands. When
exposed to heat and pressure, these bands become different colors.
Nonfoliated rock is mostly made of one type of mineral, so they cannot
separate and line up in layers.