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Observing the sky with the naked eye Name: ………………………………….. 1. In which direction do the following appear to move during the day or night when viewed from the Earth, east to west, west to east, north to south or south to north. (a) Sun …………………………………………………….. (b) Moon …………………………………………………….. (c) Stars …………………………………………………….. 2. How could you tell that one of the objects that you observed in the sky was a planet and not a bright star (something other than its brightness)? …………………………………………………………………….……………… 3. Which appear to move faster across the sky the Sun or the stars? …………………. 4. How will this affect the time at which a star rises above the horizon on successive nights? (An actual number is needed in your answer here) …………………………………………………………………….……………… 5. Why does the Sun appear to move across the sky? ………………………………………………………………..………………….. 6. How would you explain the motion of Mars when viewed from the Earth? ………………………………………… ………………………….…………..… 7. Complete the diagram in Figure 1 to show how the Moon would appear when viewed from the Earth at the four positions shown. B A 8. When the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth the eclipse formed is called a …………………………………….…… C 9. When the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon the eclipse formed is called a ………………………….……………… Figure 1 D 1 10. Explain why the diagram in Figure 2 shows that eclipses do not occur very often. Figure 2 …………………………………………………………………….……………… …………………………………………………………………….……………… …………………………………………………………………….……………… 11. If you knew the radius of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun explain how you could use the measurement of the angles marked A in Figure 3 to find the distance of a nearby star such as Alpha Centauri. Earth (January) Distant stars Angle (A) Centauri 2A Sun Figure 3(b) Angle (A) Earth (July) Figure 3 Distant stars …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………………………………………………… 12. A sidereal day, measured by a rotation of the Earth by 360o, is four minutes less than a solar day. What causes this difference? (A detailed explanation is not required here). …………………………………………………………………………………… 13. Why are the patterns of stars seen in the sky from a given point on the Earth different at different times of the year? …………………………………………………………………………………… 14. The diagram in Figure 4 shows the movement of an object seen in the sky from November 2005 to January 2006. Is this object likely to be (a) a planet (b) a star ? (The lines show a grid of latitude and longitude on the star sphere) ……………………………………………………………… 246o 248o 250o 252o 36o 9th Nov 2005 15th Nov 2005 2nd Jan 2006 34o 21st Nov 2005 27th Dec 2005 21st Dec 2005 32o 27th Nov 2005 3rd Dec 2005 15th Dec 2005 9th Dec 2005 30o 3