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PROJECT I Part I HISTORY OF THE INTERNET THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNET: A TIMELINE 1969 . Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) goes online. Although it was designed for the purposes of research and education, it was also seen as a way to communicate in case a military attack knocked out traditional communication systems. Who was the first to use the Internet?Charley Kline at UCLA sent the first packets on ARPANet as he tried to connect to Stanford Research Institute on Oct 29, 1969. The system crashed as he reached the G in LOGIN! http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.htm 1972 Electronic mail is introduced. 1976 First political candidates uses email to plan events (Carter. Mondale); first head of state sends email (England’s Queen Elizabeth). Did Al Gore invent the Internet? According to a CNN transcript of an interview with Wolf Blitzer, Al Gore said,"During my service in the United States Congress, I took the initiative in creating the Internet." Al Gore was not yet in Congress in 1969 when ARPANET started or in 1974 when the term Internet first came into use. Gore was elected to Congress in 1976. In fairness, Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf acknowledge in a paper titled Al Gore and the Internet that Gore has probably done more than any other elected official to support the growth and development of the Internet from the 1970's to the present . http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html 1982 First time use of the word “internet”. 1984 .com, .org., and .edu are added to network addresses. . When Senator Ted Kennedy heard in 1968 that the pioneering Massachusetts company BBN had won the ARPA contract for an "interface message processor (IMP)," he sent a congratulatory telegram to BBN for their ecumenical spirit in winning the "interfaith message processor" contract. http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html 1985 Quantum Computer Services, now known as American Online, begins offering service. 1989 Tim Berners-Lee develops the World Wide Web. . 1991 The University of Minnesota creates point and click navigation. It is named Gopher after the school mascot. Ethernet, a protocol for many local networks, appeared in 1974, an outgrowth of Harvard student Bob Metcalfe's dissertation on "Packet Networks." The dissertation was initially rejected by the University for not being analytical enough. It later won acceptance when he added some more equations to it. http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html 1994 Mass marketing by email is termed “spam”. . The early days of the web was a confused period as many developers tried to put their personal stamp on ways the web should develop. The web was threatened with becoming a mass of unrelated protocols that would require different software for different applications. The visionary Michael Dertouzos of MIT's Laboratory for Computer Sciences persuaded Tim Berners-Lee and others to form the World Wide Web Consortium in 1994 to promote and develop standards for the Web. Proprietary plug-ins still abound for the web, but the Consortium has ensured that there are common standards present in every browser http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.html 1996 Forty-three million americans (44% of the population) own a computer; 14 million have internet connections. . 1997 The NASA website broadcasting pictures taken by Pathfinder on Mars breaks internet traffic records with 46 million hits in one day. 1998 Microsoft markets Windows 98. 1999 2000 2001 Napster is invented by college student Shawn Fanning. The number of Americans using the internet has grown to over 75 million. . The internet bubble bursts; the Nasdaq stock index plunges; many dotcoms close their doors. A judge rules that Napster is violating copyright laws and orders it to stop offering music for free. 2002 One hundred sixty-four million Americans (58.5% of the population) use the internet; there are 544 million users worldwide; 9.8 billion emails are sent daily. 2003 Spam makes up half of all. emails. President Bush signs the Controlling the Assault of Non-solicited Pronography and Marketing Act of 2003. Wireless has grown rapidly in the past few years, and travellers search for the wi-fi "hot spots" where they can connect while they are away from the home or office. Many airports, coffee bars, hotels and motels now routinely provide these services, some for a fee and some for free. http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.htm 2006 and Beyond . A trend that is beginning to affect web designers is the growth of smaller devices to connect to the Internet. Small tablets, pocket PCs, smart phones, game machines, and even GPS devices are now capable of tapping into the web on the go, and many web pages are not designed to work on that scale. The next big growth area is the surge towards universal wireless access, where almost everywhere is a "hot spot". Municipal wi-fi or city-wide access, wiMAX offering broader ranges than wi-fi, and Verizon's EV-DO are competing for control of the market. http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.htm Sources Internet Timeline http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0193167.html . A Brief History of the Internet http://www.walthowe.com/navnet/history.htm Hobbes’ Internet Timeline v8.1 http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ Brief History of the Internet http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/cerf.shtml The Internet: A ShortHistory of Getting Connected http://www.fcc.gov/omd/history/internet/ PART II Listserv Foreign Language Teachers http://www.cortland.edu/flteach/ This is a listserv site for foreign language teachers. It includes teaching strategies, suggestions for projects, advice for handling problems, tips for traveling with students, and answers to questions. This listserv site will be useful for: • learning new ideas for activities and projects • finding ways to revive stale areas of my curriculum • sharing my bright ideas with others • getting hints for traveling with students • receiving support during those rough times of the year PART IV Blog Profesora de espanol (Spanish Teacher) http://profesoradeespanol.blogspot.com/ This blog is written by a first year Spanish teacher. She writes about her experiences with her students, her colleagues, and about teaching in general. This teacher’s blog: • reports the highs and lows of teaching • focuses on specific issues common to Spanish teachers • reminds me of lessons learned that I had forgotten PART V Power Library The Student Research Center Site offers students the opportunity to either search by topic or by Find. They can also choose specific media in which to search, such as newspapers, encyclopedias, or even radio and TV transcripts. EXAMPLE OF USE: I searched for the Mexican holiday Cinco de Mayo which honors the spirit of the soldiers at the Battle of Puebla. Under Reference Works, I found an article in an encyclopedia giving its history. In Photos, Maps and Flags there was the Mexican flag and a map locating the city of Puebla. I found special Cinco de Mayo recipes in a magazine. In TV/Radio transcripts I found a discussion about whether beer companies started the celebration of this holiday in the United States. And under primary sources, I found President’s Bush’s 2006 speech commemorating Cinco de Mayo. PART III Newsgroup Teacher Chat Room http://groups.google.com/group/k12.chat.teacher?lnk=lr This newsgroup is for teachers teaching grades K-12. There are a variety of threads one can follow based on your interests. This chat room is useful to read about other teachers’ problems and solutions. It is also a place to ask questions and receive answers, to vent and receive support.