Download DISTRICT NAROWAL - Livestock Punjab

Do they not see that We have created for them of what Our Hands
have created, the cattle, so that they are their owners?
(Ya-Sin 36:71)
L & DD PUNJAB
CROSS SECTIONAL SURVEY REPORTS OF TICK
BORNE DISEASES – DISTRICT NAROWAL
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PREPARED BY
DR.MUHAMMAD NAWAZ MALIK
(PROJECT DIRECTOR DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORIES PUNJAB)
DR.KHALID NAVEED MUSTAFA
(V.O), DISEASE DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY NAROWAL
Livestock is an important sector in Pakistan’s economy and contributes about 11.9
percent in the GDP of Pakistan. Livestock sector is considered to be a net source of
invariable income for rural and middle grade agri-business holders. Moreover it
can play a major role in poverty alleviation in rural areas of Pakistan. Livestock
sector contributed about 55.4 percent in year 2012-13 in the agriculture sector as
compared to the 55.3 percent in year 2013-14.
Livestock are natural factories to convert roughage (grasses, shrubs, etc) into
quality-food i.e. milk and meat. It is an established nutritional fact that animal
proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for the supply of essential amino acids.
Livestock also provide raw material for industries and create markets and capital.
For a large population of rural household in rain-fed agricultural production
system, livestock provide security against crop-failure. For the poor in the villages,
it is a form of social security, cashing it at the time of need. Livestock are also used
in sports and entertainment and are also considered a symbol of prestige in certain
areas of Pakistan
.
Livestock and rural poultry have significant impact on pro poor development.
Livestock and rural poultry play an important role in poverty alleviation and can
uplift the socioeconomic conditions of our rural masses.
Population of all major species of livestock (cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats) has
been constantly increasing over the years. However, growth-rate is different for
various species Pakistan's livestock population, out of which a majority is in
Punjab, is one of the largest in the world. Small ruminants and other animals form
part of rural households' food basket provide a cushion in case of crop failures and
can be sold to meet emergency expenditures. Historically it has been dominated by
small holders, with 88% of livestock owners possessing six animals or less. This
helps them meet their needs of milk, food security and cash income on a daily
basis. They also use these animals and their progenies as a saving mechanism.
However, the productivity of the livestock sector in Punjab is low compared with
international markets, in terms of meat and milk output.
Parasitism, brucellosis and sub-clinical mastitis are important barriers affecting
production potential of livestock and rural poultry. Secretary livestock Govt. of
Punjab realized the need for active surveillance in this grey area. Under the overall
patronization of Chief Minister Punjab, a cross sectional survey of the whole
province was conducted from 20-6-2015 TO 12-09-2015 estimates the magnitude
and impact of parasitism, sub clinical mastitis and brucellosis on livestock
population of district Narowal.
Fecal, blood, serum samples were randomly collected from each union council
throughout the district. The disease load with respect to
INTRODUCTION
Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) affect the productivity of bovines in tropical
and subtropical regions of the world, leading to a significant adverse impact on the
livelihoods of resource-poor farming communities. Globally, four main TBDs, namely
anaplasmosis, babesiosis, theileriosis, and cowdriosis (heart water) affect bovines, and
the former three are of major economic importance in bovines in Pakistan. Given that
the livestock sector has become an integral part of Pakistan’s economy and a large
number of dairy cattle are being imported into the country, in order to meet an
increasing demand of milk and milk products, it is timely to review current status of
bovine TBDs in Pakistan and to identify gaps in the knowledge of TBDs and their
control. Although there has been a recent increase in the number of studies of TBDs in
this country, information on their prevalence, distribution, tick vectors, and control is
limited.
Given that the livestock sector has become an integral part of Pakistan’s economy, it
is timely to review current status of tick borne diseases, brucellosis among male
animal and endo- parasites in equine in order to identify gaps in their knowledge and
control.
METHODOLOGY
BLOOD SAMPLES
8338
SERUM SAMPLES
1440
FECAL SAMPLES
1213
One percent of population of each species was sampled to measure the prevalence
of Haemo-parasites. Breeding cattle and buffalo bulls, bucks rams, stallion,
jack/donkey were targeted to collect blood and serum samples for measuring the
prevalence of Haemo-parasites and brucellosis. Horses and donkeys were sampled
for coprological examination. Total number of samples collected is given as under:
Sr. No.
Species of
Animals
Blood Samples
Serum
Samples
1
2
CATTLE
BUFFALO
2406
2100
301
471
3
SHEEP
1640
198
4
GOAT
1452
122
5
EQUINES
740
184
Fecal
Samples
1213
For mentioned attributes point prevalence was estimated using following model:
P
number of cases of diseases at a particular point in time
Population at risk at that point in time
HAEMOPARASITES
A total of 8338 blood samples were collected from all available livestock
population. Out of these 1073 samples were found positive for the presence of
Haemo-parasites which is 12.86 % of total samples. Prevalence of different types
of Haemo-parasites recovered during the presence study is given below:
Prevalence of Haemo-Parasites
Prevalence of haemo-parasites
neg. samples
1%
positive sam
6%
anaplasma
theileria
4%
12%
77%
babesia
Prevalence of Haemo-parasites in different species is as under
 In buffalo theileria is 12.9%, which is higher than other parasites and
babesia is 7.57%, and anaplasma is 1.47%.
 In cattle theileria is 8.10% while anaplasma is 3.03% and babesia is 1.87%.
 In sheep theileria is 1.52%, babesia is 2.56 % and anaplasma 0.54%
 In goat Theileria is 4.9 % babesia 3.78% and Ana plasma is 0.75 %.
 In equine Theileria is 1.2 % babesia is 1.35% and Ana plasma is 1.35 %
trypanosome is 5.40 %.
Prevalence of Haemo-parasites in livestock
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
CATTLE
BUFFALO
SHEEP
GOAT
EQUINES
Babesiosis
• anaemia,haemog
lobinuria
• abortion,tempora
ry infertility
Theileriosis
Anaplasmosis
• fever,diarrhoea,e
maciation
• neurological $
reproduction
signs
• anaemia,
weight loss
• abortion,deat
h
GEOGRAPHICAL PICTURE OF DISTRICT NAROWAL
ENDO-PARASITES:
Fecal sampling was carried out in equines in order to measure the prevalence of
different species of endo-parasites. 1 % EQUINES were sampled for coprological
examination out of which 44.6 % samples were found positive while 55.4% found
negative. In positive sample nematodes were 32.8% while trematodes were 1.73%,
cistodes were 1.48 and coccidian were 8.57 % samples.
negative
nematodes
trematodes
cestodes
coccidia
BRUCELLOSIS
A sum of 1440 serum samples were collected and tested by applying rose Bengal
plate test (RBPT) to measure the prevalence rate in different animal species. Male
animals were targeted for screening. Overall prevalence 2.70%.
brucellosis
positive
negitive
As RBPT is not reliable because of false positive serological reactions with other O
chain-bacteria. Confirmation through ELISA and Brucellin skin test should be
made.
DEMONSTRATION OF SURF FIELD MASTITIS TEST
Practical demonstration of surf field mastitis test was given at different villages.
Farmers were targeted to train regarding conduction of test whose are involved in
milking practice. the objective of this demo was to create awareness :
 About the significance of the early detection of sub clinical mastitis.
 Economical losses in terms of decrease in milk production caused by
mastitis.
SUGGESTIONS
1. Strategy may be developed for the treatment of different diseases like Brucella
positive animals after confirmation through ELISA.
2. Chemical control results in resistance and environment contamination
environment friendly control mechanism like vaccine and biological methods may
be developed.
3. Local breeds have resistance against the ticks and TBDs so the farmers may be
motivated to rear the better milk yielding local breeds.
4. Awareness should be created on mode of transmission control and prevention
methods of tick borne Haemo-parasites in ruminants.
5. Deopartment should develop strategy to improve the genotype of local breeds to
increase the milk production.
6. New vaccine and drugs should be designed to eliminate carrier state of Haemoparasites in ruminants.
7. Should focus on practical work.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I place on record, my sincere thanks to all of my lab employees, for the successful
accomplishment of this study.
I place on record, my sincere thanks to following personnel for their continuous
practical help during the whole course of this survey:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Dr.Saqlain Bajwa
DLO
Narowal
Dr.Nayyer Maqsood
DDLO
Narowal
Dr.Muhammad Anwar
DDLO
Narowal
Iftikhar Ahmed
Senior clerk Lab
Narowal
Muhammad shahbaz
Lab servant
Narowal
Muhammad Riaz
V.A
Narowal
All the District Livestock Hospitals, their Officers, Veterinary Assistants and
All other staff.