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Communicable
Disease
8 Health
Vocabulary
 Disease- an illness that affects the proper
functioning of the body or mind
 Communicable Diseases- diseases that
can be passed from one person to another
Types of Pathogen/Germs
– tiny one-celled organisms that
grow virtually everywhere, can be
harmless or harmful, there are 3 types:
cocci, bacilli, and spirilla
 Bacteria
Types of Pathogen/Germs
 Viruses-
smallest and simplest forms of
life, are very specialized, can only grow
and reproduce in living things
 Rickettsias-
small bacteria that are
spread by the bites of insects, such as
ticks and lice
Types of Pathogen/Germs

Fungi- are simple life forms that are unable
to make their own food, grow best in warm,
dark, moist areas (ring worm, athletes foot)

Protozoa- simple animal like organisms,
have the ability to move through fluids in
search of food (Malaria)
Preventing the
Spread of Diseases
 How are Germs Spread?
 Close Contact with a person who has the
germ. (airborne)
 Direct contact with a person who has the
germ
 Contact with animals
 Sharing utensils
 Contaminated drink or foods that contain
germs
Preventing the
Spread of Diseases
 How can you prevent the Spread of
Disease?
 Practice
Good Health Habits
 Practice Good Health Behaviors to
Protect Yourself & Practice Good
Health Habits to Protect Others
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
2wME3a6qlTU
The Body’s First Line of Defense
 Tears-
wash germs away from eyes,
contain chemicals that can kill some
germs
 Skin- if the skin is unbroken it acts
as a barrier that germs cannot
penetrate
The Body’s First Line of Defense
 Mucous
Membranes- secrete
mucous that traps germs
 Saliva- washes germs from your
teeth and helps keep the mouth
clean, contains chemicals that kill
germs
The Body’s First Line of Defense
 Gastric
Juice- destroys germs that
enter the stomach through food
and drink
The Body’s Second Line of Defense
 Inflammatory Response



It helps by flooding the spaces with lymph fluid
which contains white blood cells, phagocytes,
and others. It also helps to contain the
contaminate.
Phagocytes released by nearby blood vessels,
they engulf germs and destroy them
Fever kills germs that cannot survive body
temp higher than usual
Third Line of Defense
 IMMUNE SYSTEM

gives the body the ability to remember how
to destroy the same germ if it invades
again. The next time the body can respond
quickly to kill the germ so you don’t get
sick.
Third Line of Defense
 The
Lymphatic System
A secondary circulatory system of
vessels and nodes that carry a fluid
called lymph
 Lymph nodes are small lumps of
lymphatic tissue located throughout
the system that act as filters to keep
germs from invading body tissues

Third Line of Defense
The white blood cells in the
lymphatic system are lymphocytes
 B-cells- produce antibodies that
fight germs
 T-cells- attack germs directly and
stimulate B-cells to work
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=9uWaPtxTYvk
Immunity and Vaccines
 You can become immune to a viral
disease by having that disease once
before.
(flu – that specific strand, chicken pox)
 Vaccine-
a preparation of dead or
weakened germs that is injected
into the body to cause the immune
system to produce antibodies
Common
Communicable Diseases
 The Common Cold

most common communicable disease, caused by
viruses
 Influenza

characterized by exhaustion, chills, headache,
body ache, respiratory problems, and fever.
 Strep
 Sore throat caused by streptococcal bacteria
Common
Communicable Diseases
 Hepatitis

viral disease of the liver characterized by
yellowing of the skin and the whites of the
eyes. Hepatitis A B and C
 Mononucleosis

A viral disease that attacks the lymph nodes in
the neck and throat, most common in teens
and young adults.