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Name ________________________________________ Date ____________ Per __________ Respiratory Volumes and Capacities Complete the pre lab questions (on a separate piece of paper), matching and labeling before beginning the lab. Pgs 452-453 1. List some factors that may affect respiratory capacity. 2. What instrument is used to measure a person’s respiratory capacity measured? 3. What is dead space volume and how much of a tidal breath actually reaches the exchange chambers (alveoli)? Match the lung volumes and capacities with descriptions given. RV VC ERV TLC TV IV _____ 1. The amount of air taken in with each inspiration during normal breathing is __________. _____ 2. Forced exhalation can remove some of the air is called _________. _____3. Some air still remains in the lungs even after strenuous expiratory effort and cannot be removed is called ___________. _____ 4. The volume of air that represents a person’s maximum breathing ability is called __________. _____ 5. Adding RV to VC gives ________. _____ 6. The excess air a person can take in after a normal inhalation is called _________. Label the following on the picture below: IRV, TV, ERV, RV, IC, VC, TLC, exhalation, inhalation Pg 445 & 458-461 What is the origin of the distinctive smokers cough? Describe 2 respiratory disorders that tend to affect smokers. Name ________________________________________ Date ____________ Per __________ Respiratory Volumes and Capacities SPIROMETERY LABORATORY INVESTIGATION Purpose: In this laboratory investigation, the student will identify terms associated with respiratory function by measuring respiratory volumes. Background: It is the function of ventilation to move gases over the respiratory surfaces, thereby adding O2 and removing CO2 from the circulating blood. The transfer of gases between the air, blood, and tissues is known as the as the gastransfer system and occurs in four main steps: 1. Ventilatory movements that assure a continual supply of air or water to and from the respiratory surfaces. 2. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across respiratory epithelium (alveolar respiration) 3. Transport of gases by the blood. 4. Diffusion of O2 and CO2 across capillary walls between blood and mitochondria in the tissue (cellular respiration). Today we will only be concerned with the act of breathing (or ventilation) and it’s control, however it is also important to remember why animals ventilate. Furthermore, we will focus primarily on ventilation in mammals that are constant pool exchangers, but it is good to remember all animals (and plants) respire, only the mechanisms may vary. Ventilation in mammals is controlled by a variety of factors, such as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors, conscious thought, and activity level. Using spirometery, we can measure the volume of inspired and expired gas over time. Flow is measured using a pneumotach, a resistance device that produces a pressure drop as gas flows through it. The pressure drop is sensed by a pressure transducer through plastic tubing, and it is converted to a voltage change that the computer can measure. Remember, gas flow has units of volume/time: for example ml/sec or L/sec, and gas volume typically has units of ml or L. Some variables that we will be looking at are: tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and vital capacity (VC). Materials: Wet Spirometer Mouthpieces Procedure: 1. Use a spirometer to measure and calculate the respiratory volumes and capacities listed below. 2. Record results in data table. Don’t forget your units of measure!! 3. The total lung capacity is divided into various volumes and capacities according to the ventilatory process. For example, the total capacity of the lungs to hold air is divided into four volumes defined as follows: 4. Calculate average for 3 attempts 5. Use your averages to calculate Total Lung Capacity (TLC): Maximal amount of air contained the lungs can hold. This is the sum of the four volumes listed above. TV + IRV + ERV + RV = Avg. 5.8 L 6. Use your averages to calculate Functional Residual Capacity (FRV): The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration. RV + ERV= Avg. 2.5 L 7. Use your averages to calculate Inspiratory Capacity (IC): The maximal amount of air that can be inspired after a normal expiration. IRV + TV= Avg. 3.5 L. Data Table 1 Name ________________________________________ Date ____________ Per __________ Volume I Volume II Volume III Average Tidal volume Inspiratory Reserve Volume Expiratory Reserve Volume Vital Capacity Residual Volume Total Lung Capacity (TLC) ________________ Functional Residual Capacity (FRV): ________________ Inspiratory Capacity (IC): ___________________ Show your results in a graph. Summary/Conclusion: In the space below summarize your results, comparing them to averages listed in your book. Discuss what factors may have impacted your measurements (good or bad). What conclusion can be drawn about your respiratory capacity? ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
