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Lab 14 A&P Flashcards 1) What are the three types of muscles in the body? 2) What is the difference between skeletal muscle, compared to smooth and cardiac muscles? 3) How are muscles able to contract? 4) How do skeletal muscles create movement? 5) What are the three other functions of skeletal muscles? 6) What is the function of the Trapezius muscle? 7) What is the function of the Deltoid muscle? 8) What is the function of Latissimus dorsi? 9) What is the function of Pectoralis major? 10) What is the function of Triceps brachii? 11) What is the function of Biceps brachii? 12) What is the function of External oblique / Internal oblique (deep) at the waist? 13) What is the function of Rectus abdominis at the waist? 14) What is the function of Gluteus maximus / Gluteus medius of the thigh? 15) What is the function of Rectus femoris (quadriceps muscle)? 16) What is the function of Gastrocnemius at the leg / foot? 17) What is the function of Biceps femoris (hamstrings)? 18) What does the circulatory systems consist of? 19) In which type of blood vessel does blood return to the heart? 20) In which type of blood vessel does blood leave the heart? 21) In which type of blood vessel does oxygen enter the tissues? 22) How many liters of blood does a human have? 23) What are the functions of the circulatory system? 24) What are the three basic types of blood cells? 25) Which kind of blood cells carries oxygen throughout the body? Skeletal muscles (moves the skeleton) Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) Smooth muscle (makes up organs) skeletal muscles are voluntary nerve impulses They attach to the bones to form a system of levers that can produce a variety of movements 1. Serve to protect internal organs 2. Maintain posture 3. Produce a large amount of body heat 1. Supports the head 2. Elevates, depresses and rotates scapula Flexes and abducts the arm (moves arm away from the mid-line of the body) Extends and adducts arm; draw shoulders down Flexes and adducts arm; move arm toward the midline Extends the forearm Flexes the forearm Flexes and rotates the trunk Flexes trunk Abducts and extends Flexes the femur Flexes lower leg; plantarflexes the foot Extends the femur Heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins The veins The arteries The capillaries 5 liters Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and antibodies; serves to distribute heat 1. Erythrocytes (Red blood cells – RBC) 2. Leukocytes (White blood cells – WBC) 3. Thrombocytes (Platelets) Erythrocytes Lab 14 A&P Flashcards 26) Which kind of blood cells are part of immune system and help to fight infection? 27) Which blood cells initiate the clotting of blood? 28) What is the condition if the number of erythrocytes (RBC’s) is below normal? Leukocytes 29) What does it mean when the leukocytes (WBC) count are higher than normal? 30) What does it mean when the WBC count is low? 31) What does it mean if there is a low platelet count? 32) What is the name of the blood test that screens for blood abnormalities? 33) What system consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine? 34) What breaks food down into smaller units? 35) What is the enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch in food left between the teeth? 36) What is the enzyme secreted by cells lining the stomach that initiates the digestion of proteins? 37) What is secreted by the liver that emulsifies (breaks down) fat? 38) What pancreatic enzyme digests fat after bile emulsifies them? 39) What muscles lift the ribs to expand the chest cavity when you breathe in? 40) What muscles depress the ribs and reduce the chest cavity in forced exhalation? 41) What is the muscle that plays a critical role in respiration by contracting to expand the chest cavity and relaxing to reduce it? 42) What piece of equipment is used to evaluate lung function by measuring the amount of air inhaled or exhaled from the lungs? 43) What is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled by the deepest possible expiration after the deepest possible inspiration? 44) What is the study of functions of an organism? 45) What is the study of the structure of an organism? 46) What are the smallest parts of a living organism? 47) What is a group of cells that perform the same function called? 48) What is a group of tissues that perform the same function called? 49) What is a group of organs that perform the same function called? Indicates infection Thrombocytes Anemia Indicate an immune system failure A blood-clotting problem CBC (Complete blood count) The digestive system Digestive enzymes Amylase Pepsin Bile Lipase The external intercostal The internal intercostal The diaphragm A spirometer Vital capacity physiology anatomy cells tissues organs An organ system Lab 14 A&P Flashcards 50) Name five organ systems 51) What does the skeletal system consist of? 52) What is the function of the skeletal system? respiratory, cardiovascular, circulatory, nervous, and digestive bones, joints gives the body protection and support 53) What are the two types of bone marrow? yellow marrow (fat inside the hollow shaft of bones) red marrow (makes red blood cells) 54) What is the organ system involved in excretion and consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra? 55) Where is urine formed and carried through? Urinary System 56) What is the Kidney’s job? 57) What is the name of the routine lab test to evaluate kidney function? 58) What is absent from urine in a healthy individual? 59) What disease is likely if there is glucose in the urine? 60) What is the peripheral nervous system composed of? 61) The peripheral nerves send information to what other part of the nervous system? 62) What are the two parts of the central nervous system? 63) What are specialized nerve cells that detect specific stimuli such as light, touch or chemicals? 64) What sensory receptors detect light? 65) What sensory receptors detect chemicals? 66) What sensory receptors detect light? 67) What structure of the eye uses photoreceptors? 68) What is the function of the iris of the eye? It is formed in the kidneys and carried through the ureters to the urinary bladder for temporary storage and then removed from the body though the urethra. It filters the blood plasma and reabsorbs the nutrients Urinalysis Glucose Diabetes Spinal and cranial nerves The central nervous system The brain and the spinal cord Sensory receptors Photoreceptors Chemoreceptor Photoreceptors The retina To open or close to allow more or less light to come in Taste buds 69) What structure of the tongue uses chemoreceptors for taste? 70) What area of the nose uses chemoreceptors for smell? Nasal cavity 71) When the sense of smell is impaired, what other sense Taste could be impaired as well? Lab 14 A&P Flashcards Locate and Label the following bones on the skeletons below: Cranium Scapula Clavicle Sternum Ribs Humerus Ilium Sacrum Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Tibia Fibula Patella Tarsals Metatarsals Lab 14 A&P Flashcards What is the common name for the following bones? Clavicle Scapula Phalanges Calcaneous Femur Observe the cat skeleton. List two similarities and two differences between the cat skeleton and the human skeleton. Label the muscles listed in your Anatomy and Physiology lab on the drawings below: What are two differences between cardiac and skeletal muscles? What is meant by “muscles are arranged in antagonistic groups”? After a long Bio 20 lab, what muscles would you use to lift that well-deserved tall drink to your mouth and then set it down again? What is the major function of erythrocytes? How does this relate to anemia? What would you expect to find in (in increased number) in a complete blood count from a person with mononucleosis? If oxygen passes from the capillaries into the tissue fluid and then into the cells by diffusion, where is the oxygen concentration the highest? Lab 14 A&P Flashcards What is the value of having numerous capillaries and the slow flow of blood through the capillaries? What problem might a person with sickle cell anemia have in their capillaries? Digestive Tract Organs: A B C D E F G Digestive Accessory Organs A B C D E F Tidal Volume measurements (including units!) Breathing rate/minute Total air exchange/min Total air exchange/hour Total air exchange/day Vital Capacity Measurements (including units!) Function(s): Function(s): 1. 2. 3. Avg. Tidal Volume: 1. 2. 3. Highest measurement= your vital capacity What muscles are contracting during quiet inspiration? What muscles are used in forced expiration? Using the chart in lab, look up the predicted vital Predicted vital capacity= capacity for your age and height. If it is not listed, Actual vital capacity= estimate from the closest number listed. Include units! Discuss the possible causes of any difference between your predicted and actual values. What would be a possible diagnosis for an individual with a large amount of glucose, a low amount of protein, and a normal pH level, obtained through a urine sample? What would be a possible diagnosis for an individual with a low amount of glucose, a large amount of protein, and a normal pH level, obtained through a urine sample? Lab 14 A&P Flashcards What would be a possible diagnose for an individual with a low amount of glucose, a low amount of protein, and a high pH level obtained through a urine sample? What would be some of the effects on urinalysis if a person were dehydrated? Why might a person not be able to see well at night? What would the ocular difference be between nocturnal (active at night) and diurnal (active during the day) animals? If a person lacks green cones, what colors might they have difficulty seeing? Why would smokers have a dulled sense of taste? If you smell a rose while eating a banana, do you think the banana would taste different?