Download Micro Lab Unit 1 Flashcards

Lab 14 A&P Flashcards
1) What are the three types of muscles in the body?
2) What is the difference between skeletal muscle,
compared to smooth and cardiac muscles?
3) How are muscles able to contract?
4) How do skeletal muscles create movement?
5) What are the three other functions of skeletal
muscles?
6) What is the function of the Trapezius muscle?
7) What is the function of the Deltoid muscle?
8) What is the function of Latissimus dorsi?
9) What is the function of Pectoralis major?
10) What is the function of Triceps brachii?
11) What is the function of Biceps brachii?
12) What is the function of External oblique / Internal
oblique (deep) at the waist?
13) What is the function of Rectus abdominis at the
waist?
14) What is the function of Gluteus maximus / Gluteus
medius of the thigh?
15) What is the function of Rectus femoris (quadriceps
muscle)?
16) What is the function of Gastrocnemius at the leg /
foot?
17) What is the function of Biceps femoris (hamstrings)?
18) What does the circulatory systems consist of?
19) In which type of blood vessel does blood return to the
heart?
20) In which type of blood vessel does blood leave the
heart?
21) In which type of blood vessel does oxygen enter the
tissues?
22) How many liters of blood does a human have?
23) What are the functions of the circulatory system?
24) What are the three basic types of blood cells?
25) Which kind of blood cells carries oxygen throughout
the body?
Skeletal muscles (moves the skeleton)
Cardiac muscle (heart muscle)
Smooth muscle (makes up organs)
skeletal muscles are voluntary
nerve impulses
They attach to the bones to form a system of levers
that can produce a variety of movements
1. Serve to protect internal organs
2. Maintain posture
3. Produce a large amount of body heat
1. Supports the head
2. Elevates, depresses and rotates scapula
Flexes and abducts the arm (moves arm away from
the mid-line of the body)
Extends and adducts arm; draw shoulders down
Flexes and adducts arm; move arm toward the midline
Extends the forearm
Flexes the forearm
Flexes and rotates the trunk
Flexes trunk
Abducts and extends
Flexes the femur
Flexes lower leg; plantarflexes the foot
Extends the femur
Heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
The veins
The arteries
The capillaries
5 liters
Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes,
hormones, and antibodies; serves to distribute heat
1. Erythrocytes (Red blood cells – RBC)
2. Leukocytes (White blood cells – WBC)
3. Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Erythrocytes
Lab 14 A&P Flashcards
26) Which kind of blood cells are part of immune system
and help to fight infection?
27) Which blood cells initiate the clotting of blood?
28) What is the condition if the number of erythrocytes
(RBC’s) is below normal?
Leukocytes
29) What does it mean when the leukocytes (WBC) count
are higher than normal?
30) What does it mean when the WBC count is low?
31) What does it mean if there is a low platelet count?
32) What is the name of the blood test that screens for
blood abnormalities?
33) What system consists of the mouth, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large
intestine?
34) What breaks food down into smaller units?
35) What is the enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch
in food left between the teeth?
36) What is the enzyme secreted by cells lining the
stomach that initiates the digestion of proteins?
37) What is secreted by the liver that emulsifies (breaks
down) fat?
38) What pancreatic enzyme digests fat after bile
emulsifies them?
39) What muscles lift the ribs to expand the chest cavity
when you breathe in?
40) What muscles depress the ribs and reduce the chest
cavity in forced exhalation?
41) What is the muscle that plays a critical role in
respiration by contracting to expand the chest cavity
and relaxing to reduce it?
42) What piece of equipment is used to evaluate lung
function by measuring the amount of air inhaled or
exhaled from the lungs?
43) What is the maximum amount of air that can be
exhaled by the deepest possible expiration after the
deepest possible inspiration?
44) What is the study of functions of an organism?
45) What is the study of the structure of an organism?
46) What are the smallest parts of a living organism?
47) What is a group of cells that perform the same
function called?
48) What is a group of tissues that perform the same
function called?
49) What is a group of organs that perform the same
function called?
Indicates infection
Thrombocytes
Anemia
Indicate an immune system failure
A blood-clotting problem
CBC (Complete blood count)
The digestive system
Digestive enzymes
Amylase
Pepsin
Bile
Lipase
The external intercostal
The internal intercostal
The diaphragm
A spirometer
Vital capacity
physiology
anatomy
cells
tissues
organs
An organ system
Lab 14 A&P Flashcards
50) Name five organ systems
51) What does the skeletal system consist of?
52) What is the function of the skeletal system?
respiratory, cardiovascular, circulatory, nervous,
and digestive
bones, joints
gives the body protection and support
53) What are the two types of bone marrow?
yellow marrow (fat inside the hollow shaft of
bones)
red marrow (makes red blood cells)
54) What is the organ system involved in excretion and
consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and
urethra?
55) Where is urine formed and carried through?
Urinary System
56) What is the Kidney’s job?
57) What is the name of the routine lab test to evaluate
kidney function?
58) What is absent from urine in a healthy individual?
59) What disease is likely if there is glucose in the urine?
60) What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?
61) The peripheral nerves send information to what other
part of the nervous system?
62) What are the two parts of the central nervous system?
63) What are specialized nerve cells that detect specific
stimuli such as light, touch or chemicals?
64) What sensory receptors detect light?
65) What sensory receptors detect chemicals?
66) What sensory receptors detect light?
67) What structure of the eye uses photoreceptors?
68) What is the function of the iris of the eye?
It is formed in the kidneys and carried through the
ureters to the urinary bladder for temporary storage
and then removed from the body though the urethra.
It filters the blood plasma and reabsorbs the
nutrients
Urinalysis
Glucose
Diabetes
Spinal and cranial nerves
The central nervous system
The brain and the spinal cord
Sensory receptors
Photoreceptors
Chemoreceptor
Photoreceptors
The retina
To open or close to allow more or less light to come
in
Taste buds
69) What structure of the tongue uses chemoreceptors for
taste?
70) What area of the nose uses chemoreceptors for smell? Nasal cavity
71) When the sense of smell is impaired, what other sense Taste
could be impaired as well?
Lab 14 A&P Flashcards
Locate and Label the following bones on the skeletons
below:
Cranium
Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Ilium
Sacrum
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Lab 14 A&P Flashcards
What is the common name for the following bones?
Clavicle
Scapula
Phalanges
Calcaneous
Femur
Observe the cat skeleton. List two similarities and two
differences between the cat skeleton and the human
skeleton.
Label the muscles listed in your Anatomy and Physiology
lab on the drawings below:
What are two differences between cardiac and
skeletal muscles?
What is meant by “muscles are arranged in
antagonistic groups”?
After a long Bio 20 lab, what muscles would you use
to lift that well-deserved tall drink to your mouth and
then set it down again?
What is the major function of erythrocytes? How
does this relate to anemia?
What would you expect to find in (in increased
number) in a complete blood count from a person
with mononucleosis?
If oxygen passes from the capillaries into the tissue
fluid and then into the cells by diffusion, where is the
oxygen concentration the highest?
Lab 14 A&P Flashcards
What is the value of having numerous capillaries and
the slow flow of blood through the capillaries?
What problem might a person with sickle cell anemia
have in their capillaries?
Digestive Tract Organs:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Digestive Accessory Organs
A
B
C
D
E
F
Tidal Volume measurements (including units!)
Breathing rate/minute
Total air exchange/min
Total air exchange/hour
Total air exchange/day
Vital Capacity Measurements (including units!)
Function(s):
Function(s):
1.
2.
3.
Avg. Tidal Volume:
1.
2.
3.
Highest measurement= your vital capacity
What muscles are contracting during quiet
inspiration? What muscles are used in forced
expiration?
Using the chart in lab, look up the predicted vital
Predicted vital capacity=
capacity for your age and height. If it is not listed,
Actual vital capacity=
estimate from the closest number listed. Include
units!
Discuss the possible causes of any difference between
your predicted and actual values.
What would be a possible diagnosis for an individual
with a large amount of glucose, a low amount of protein,
and a normal pH level, obtained through a urine sample?
What would be a possible diagnosis for an individual
with a low amount of glucose, a large amount of protein,
and a normal pH level, obtained through a urine sample?
Lab 14 A&P Flashcards
What would be a possible diagnose for an individual with
a low amount of glucose, a low amount of protein, and a
high pH level obtained through a urine sample?
What would be some of the effects on urinalysis if a
person were dehydrated?
Why might a person not be able to see well at night?
What would the ocular difference be between nocturnal
(active at night) and diurnal (active during the day)
animals?
If a person lacks green cones, what colors might they
have difficulty seeing?
Why would smokers have a dulled sense of taste?
If you smell a rose while eating a banana, do you think
the banana would taste different?