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Radio Speed in Vacuum 3.00 x 108 m⁄s Microwave 3.00 x 108 m⁄s Infrared 3.00 x 108 m⁄s 1.24 x 10-7 eV 1.24 x 10-3 eV 1.24 x 100 eV to to to 1.24 x 10-10 eV 1.24 x 10-7 eV 1.24 x 10-3 eV 3 x 104 Hz 3 x 108 Hz 3 x 1011 Hz 4 x 1012 Hz to to to to 109 1011 1014 Energy Range Frequency Range 3x Hz 3x 1 x 10-1 m Wavelength Range Hz 4x 1 x 10-3 m Visible 3.00 x 108 m⁄s 1.24 x 100 eV Hz 8 x 1012 Hz 1 x 10-3 m 7 x 10-7 m to to to to 1 x 105 m 1 x 100 m 7 x 10-7 m 4 x 10-7 m Football Field Humans Cells to to to Planets Pinheads Bacteria No Partially Partially No Ionizing or Non-I? Non-Ionizing Non-Ionizing Non-Ionizing Non-Ionizing Year of Discovery 1887 1888 1800 1671 Heinrich Hertz Heinrich Hertz William Herschel Isaac Newton Length Comparison Atmosphere Blocks? Discoverer Source on Earth? Lightning Applications Communication Broadcasting Radar Source in Universe Solar Flares Pulsars Quasars Use in astronomy Telescopes Detect Magnetic Field Changes Parkes Radio Telescope Very Large Array Spitzer Space Telescope Warm Objects Terrain Clouds Meteorology Communication GPS Cell Phones Microwaves Stars Background Radiation View Surface through Clouds Big Bang Research Stellar System Formation Galaxy Formation Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Atacama Large Millimeter Array (CARMA) Bacteria Warm Objects Animals Terrain Pinpoint Fires Climate Changes Thermal Imaging Vegetation Health Soil Composition Warm Objects Planets Cooler Stars Nebulae Detect Faint Objects See into dust clouds See Altitude of Atmospheric Layers Anything That Emits Light Hubble Space Telescope Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer United Kingdom Infrared Telescope Most Ground Telescopes Hubble Space Telescope Keck Observatory Gran Telescopio Canarias Lasers Printers DVD/CD Players Measure Movement Stars Chemical Composition Measure Stars’ Temperature Ultraviolet 3.00 x 108 m⁄s 3.00 x 108 m⁄s 1 x 101 eV 1 x 105 eV to to 3 x 100 eV 1 x 102 eV 8 x 1014 Hz 3 x 1019 Hz to to 3 x 1016 Hz 3 x 1016 Hz 1 x 10-7 m 1 x 10-11 m to to 4 x 10-7 m 1 x 10-8 m Length Comparison Viruses Atoms Atomic Nuclei Atmosphere Blocks? Partially Yes Yes Ionizing or Non-I? Ionizing Ionizing Ionizing Year of Discovery 1801 1895 1900 Johann Ritter Wilhelm Conrad Paul Villard Speed in Vacuum Energy Range Frequency Range Wavelength Range Discoverer X-Ray Gamma 3.00 x 108 m⁄s > 1 x 105 eV > 1 x 1019 Hz < 1 x 10-11 m Charged Particles Colliding Radioisotopes Thunderstorms Tanning Lamps Black Lights Forgery Prevention FDA Sterilization Bug Zappers Forensic, Protein, DNA Analysis Medical Imaging Medical Imaging Microscopes Security Fluorescence Alter semiprecious stones Industrial Refining Security Sanitation Treat Cancer Medical Diagnosis Source in Universe Stars Stars Pulsars Supernovae Blackholes Use in astronomy Temperature of gas Formation of Stars Locate Stellar Nurseries See energy flows Composition Density Temperature High energy physics Planet composition Telescopes Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission Hinode Chandra X-ray Observatory Hubble Space Spitzer Space Source on Earth? Aurora Sunlight Applications Pulsars Quasars AGNs γ-Ray Bursts Swift Fermi Gamma Ray Space Telescope