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Regents Earth Science Name: _____________________________________ Weathering & Erosion Notes • _________________________ is the break down of rocks that have been exposed to the ______________________. • Once the rocks are broken down, the pieces are transported from one place to another. • This process is called _________________. • Erosion is caused by ____________, moving water (streams, waves, ocean currents), _______ (glaciers), and by gravity. • *Most erosion that takes place on Earth is caused by _________________________ Types of Weathering weathering – rocks are broken down into smaller pieces ________________ changing their composition (doesn’t change what they’re made of) weathering - rocks break down as their minerals in composition (they become different substances) Types of Mechanical Weathering 1. Ice wedging/ water enters small cracks in the rock When it freezes, it and forces the crack to open more The process repeats over again until the rock breaks apart 2. Wetting and drying breaks up rocks that are made from ____________ When they are wet they ________________, and they _______________ as they dry As this repeats over and over, the clay becomes weak and cracks (think of all the projects you have made out of clay…they all crack and fall apart)! 3. soil and rock is removed (glaciers or uplifting), exposing rock found deep underground This releases the pressure causing the of the rock to expand and eventually crack 4. Plant Roots The deep roots of trees often break apart rocks 5. & Moss These low to the ground plants can grow on rocks and eventually break them apart Types of Chemical Weathering 1. Hydrolysis _______________ (hydro) reacts with minerals such as feldspar and form ____________ 2. Oxidation _________________ reacts with some minerals, especially those containing _________ (magnetite) to form (called iron oxide) This occurs faster with _________________! 3. Carbonic acid __________________ ____________________ (CO²) dissolves in water to form this acid can cause minerals to dissolve, especially those containing _________________ Factors which affect rates of weathering: o Rock’s resistance to weathering (_____________________________) o Amount of o ___________________: weathering occurs faster in warm, wet climates weathering occurs faster in cold or dry climates Surface Area Greater surface area ______________________ the rate of weathering Surface area is the amount of rock surfaces ______________________ to the atmosphere ______________________ creates more surface area – Dry Climate = Mechanical Weathering! – Warm Climate = Chemical Weathering! What kind of Climate is Slate Hill????? ______________________________________________